Karanta game da sabuwar fasahar nuni ta zamani - Micro-LED

A wannan zamanin, fasahar nuni ta zama babbar hanyar musayar bayanai, ta shafi wayoyin komai da ruwanka, na'urorin VR/AR, kayayyakin da ake iya sawa, nunin mota, kwamfutoci/kwamfutoci da kuma fasahar laser.

 

Ƙaramin LEDAna kiran fasahar da "fasahar nuni ta zamani ta zamani", ci gabanta da masana'antarta suna kara habaka, kuma damarmakin kasuwa suna karuwa.

Tsarin manyan kamfanonin cikin gida

 

Kamfanin Tianma Microelectronics ya daɗe yana zuba jari a fasahar Micro-LED tun daga shekarar 2017, yana mai da hankali kan babban PPI, haske mai yawa da kuma babban inganci. nuna gaskiyaKamfanin ya ƙaddamar da wasu samfuran Micro-LED masu jagoranci a masana'antu.

 

A shekarar 2022, Tianma ta zuba jari wajen gina layin samar da kayayyaki na Micro-LED mai cikakken tsari daga babban canja wurin zuwa na'urar nuni, ta amfani da tsarin laser da kayan aiki na musamman, idan babu fasahar da ba ta dace ba a duniya, don cimma cikakken samarwa ta atomatik. Layin ya yi nasarar haskaka samarwarsa ta farko a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2024, inda aka samar da kayan aiki da kayayyaki sama da 30 tare da haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin samar da kayayyaki.

A ranar 31 ga Janairu, BOE Huacan Optoelectronics Zhuhai Micro LED An kayyade aikin gwajin masana'antu da marufi, wanda ya shafi yanki mai fadin eka 217, jarin da ya kai kimanin yuan biliyan 2, zai samar da samfurin farko a watan Satumba na 2024, wanda aka shirya samar da shi da yawa a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, nan gaba za ta cimma samar da 58,800 a kowace shekara.Ƙaramin LEDwafers.

A cewar bayanai, girman kasuwar kwakwalwan Micro LED a shekarar 2023 ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 32 na Amurka, kuma ana sa ran girman kasuwar Micro LED ta duniya a shekarar 2025 zai wuce dala biliyan 3.5 nan da shekarar 2025, kuma ana sa ran zai kara karya alamar dala biliyan 10 a shekarar 2027.

 

Micro-LED - sabuwar fasahar nuni ta zamani

 

Micro-LED, wanda kuma aka sani da mLED ko μLED, na'ura ce da aka haɗa da na'urorin lantarki masu sikelin micron. Ta hanyar fasahar canja wurin taro, ana iya canja waɗannan na'urorin zuwa wani abu mai tauri ko sassauƙa sannan a naɗe su da yadudduka masu kariya da na'urorin lantarki.

Ka'idar nuni ta Micro-LED

 

Babban fasahar MicroLED tana cikin tsarin pixel ɗinta, kowanne pixel ya ƙunshi ƙananan pixels masu launin ja, kore, da shuɗi. Kowane ƙaramin pixel ana iya sarrafa shi daban-daban don daidaita haske, launi da bambancin nuni daidai. A cikin tsarin nunin MicroLED, hasken da kowace LED ke fitarwa ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar ruwan tabarau da madubi, kuma a ƙarshe yana samar da pixels akan allon nuni, kuma ana daidaita shi ta hanyar matattarar launi don nuna aikin launi da ake so. Amfanin wannan fasaha shine ikonta na samar da haske mai yawa, bambanci da daidaiton launi.

 

Bugu da ƙari, Micro LEDan haɗa jerin gwanon zuwa sandunan positive da negative na kowane Micro LED ta hanyar lantarki masu kyau da na negative waɗanda aka tsara a tsaye. Wannan haɗin yana ba da damar kunna Micro LED ta hanyar duba ta hanyar kunna layukan electrode a cikin takamaiman tsari, don haka cimma nasarar nuna hoto.

Tsarin Micro-LED

 

Micro-LED tsari ne na LED wanda ake sarrafa shi ta hanyar fim mai siriri, ƙaramin tsari da kuma tsari, kuma girmansa ya kai kimanin 1-100μm. Wannan dabarar ta ƙunshi canja wurin ƙananan LEDs a cikin rukuni zuwa allon da'ira, waɗanda za su iya zama masu tauri ko laushi, masu haske ko marasa haske. Na gaba, ana amfani da tsarin adanawa na zahiri don ƙara Layer mai kariya da babban electrode, kuma a ƙarshe an naɗe saman substrate don samar da nuni na Micro-LED.

Nunin Micro-LED ya bambanta sosai da na gargajiya na LED dangane da hatsi, fakiti, tsarin haɗawa, backplane da drive.

 

Tsarin masana'antar Micro-LED ya haɗa da:

 

Da farko, lu'ulu'u na LED yana da sirara, yana da ƙarancin tsari da kuma tsari ta hanyar fasahar aiwatar da microƙera

A halin yanzu, rage girman na'urorin semiconductors da chips yana gab da cikawa, amma tsarin Micro-LED har yanzu yana da sarari mai yawa don girma. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda uku da ake amfani da su: walda matakin guntu, walda matakin epitaxial da canja wurin fim.

 

Haɗin Chip (Haɗin matakin Chip)

 

Walda matakin guntu ya ƙunshi raba LED zuwa ƙananan guntu na Micro LED masu sikelin micron da haɗa su da allon nuni ta amfani da fasahar SMT ko COB. Wannan hanyar za ta iya daidaita tazara tsakanin canja wuri, amma ba za a iya canjawa wuri a cikin rukuni ba.

 

Ana amfani da SMT sosai a fannin haɗa guntu a kan PCB ko wasu saman substrate, ta amfani da hanyoyin walda ko hanyoyin walda kamar haɗa walda. Matakan sun haɗa da duba kayan aiki, manna allo, faci, busarwa, sake haɗa walda, tsaftacewa, haɗawa, haɗa wave, sake haɗa walda, sake tsaftacewa, dubawa da gyara.

 

COB wata fasaha ce ta nuni mai ƙaramin tsari wadda ke lulluɓe wafers na LED kai tsaye a kan PCB kuma ta haɗa su zuwa na'urorin CELL. Idan aka kwatanta da fasahar SMD, fasahar marufi ta COB tana da fa'idodi na musamman.

Haɗin Wafer (waɗar epitaxial)

 

Walda matakin Epitaxial hanya ce ta samar da tsarin fim mai girman micrometer kai tsaye a kan layin fim mai girman epitaxial na LED ta hanyar fasahar inductively coupled plasma ion etching (ICP). Tsarin tazara mai tsauri na wannan tsari shine tazara da ake buƙata ta pixels na nuni.

 

Sannan, wafer ɗin LED wanda ke ɗauke da layin epitaxial da substrate ɗin an haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa allon da'irar drive, kuma an cire substrate ɗin ta amfani da tsarin zahiri ko na sinadarai, wanda zai bar tsarin fim ɗin epitaxial na Micro-LED mai tsawon 4 zuwa 5μm kawai don samar da pixel na nuni akan allon da'irar drive. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine cewa ana iya cimma canja wurin batch, amma rashin amfani shine cewa ba za a iya daidaita tazara tsakanin canja wurin ba.

Canja wurin fim ɗin siriri Canja wurin fim ɗin siriri

 

Ana cire tushen LED ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki ta zahiri ko ta sinadarai, ta amfani da wani abu na wucin gadi don riƙe layin fim ɗin Micro-LED. Sannan, tsarin micron yana samuwa ta hanyar etching na plasma da aka haɗa ta hanyar inductively. Wata hanya kuma ita ce a fara etching sannan a cire tushen LED ɗin. Dangane da buƙatar tazara tsakanin wurin nuni na da'irar tuƙi, ana mayar da fim ɗin Micro-LED zuwa allon direba a cikin rukuni tare da kayan aikin canja wurin zaɓi don kammala haɗa wurin nuni. Wannan tsari yana da araha, ba a iyakance shi da girman allon nuni ba, kuma ana iya canja shi zuwa babban sikelin.

 

Na biyu, canja wurin rukuni zuwa allon da'ira - babbar fasahar canja wuri

 

Mabuɗin fasahar Micro-LED shine haɗakar ƙananan fitilu masu haske a kan guntu, wanda ke buƙatar tsari na musamman - fasahar micro-transfer mai girma (wanda kuma ake kira babban canja wuri).

Wannan dabarar ta ƙunshi daidaita ɗaruruwan zuwa dubban ƙananan ƙwayoyin LED a kan ƙaramin allon da'ira na TFT, wanda ke buƙatar babban matakin gazawa. Duk da cewa akwai fasahohi daban-daban da ke ƙoƙarin cimma wannan burin, canja wurin taro har yanzu fasaha ce da za a samar da ita da yawa.

Dabaru na canja wurin taro sun kasu kashi huɗu: kama daidai, haɗa kai, sakin zaɓi, da canja wuri.

 

Ganin yadda kasuwa ke ƙara buƙatar allon fuska mai launuka masu yawa da kuma ƙuduri mai girma, canza launi na Micro-LED ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai. A halin yanzu, manyan hanyoyin aiwatarwa sun haɗa daHanyar RGB mai launuka uku na LED, hanyar matsakaici mai fitar da haske ta UV/shuɗi ta LED da hanyar haɗa ruwan tabarau na gani.

Yayin da kasuwar AR/VR ke ci gaba da bunƙasa, akwai buƙatar ƙarin kwamitocin aiki masu inganci waɗanda allon LCD da OLED na gargajiya ba za su iya cika su ba. Kasuwa tana buƙatar sabbin fasahohin nuni cikin gaggawa don inganta aiki da kuma cika ƙa'idodin ci gaba na gaba. Fasahar Micro-LED a matsayin mafita mai tasowa, halayenta sun sa ta zama mai ƙarfi don biyan waɗannan buƙatu.