Werengani za m'badwo wotsatira wa ukadaulo wowonetsera wa anthu ambiri - Micro-LED
Masiku ano, ukadaulo wowonetsera zinthu wakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yosinthirana chidziwitso, kuphatikizapo mafoni anzeru, zida za VR/AR, zinthu zovalidwa, zowonetsera m'galimoto, mapiritsi/makompyuta ndi kuwonetsa zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito laser.
Kachipangizo kakang'ono ka LEDukadaulo umadziwika kuti "ukadaulo wowonetsera wa m'badwo wotsatira", chitukuko chake ndi kutukuka kwake zikuyenda mofulumira, ndipo mwayi wamsika ukuwonjezeka.
Kapangidwe ka makampani otsogola m'dziko
Tianma Microelectronics yakhala ikuyika ndalama mu ukadaulo wa Micro-LED kuyambira 2017, ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa PPI yapamwamba, kuwala kwakukulu komanso kukwera kwamphamvu. zowonetsera poyeraKampaniyo yatulutsa zinthu zingapo zotsogola mumakampani a Micro-LED.
Mu 2022, Tianma idayika ndalama pakupanga mzere wopangira wa Micro-LED wathunthu kuyambira pakusamutsa kwakukulu kupita ku gawo lowonetsera, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya laser ndi zida zosinthidwa, ngati palibe ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi, kuti ikwaniritse kupanga kokha. Mzerewu udayatsa bwino kupanga kwake koyamba pa June 26, 2024, pomwe zida zopangira ndi zipangizo zoposa 30 zidapangidwa mogwirizana ndi makampani ogulitsa.
Pa Januwale 31, BOE Huacan Optoelectronics Zhuhai Kachipangizo ka Micro LED Popeza pulojekitiyi ya ma wafer ndi mayeso oyesera ma phukusi, ili ndi malo okwana maekala pafupifupi 217, ndalama zokwana ma yuan pafupifupi 2 biliyoni, ndipo idzayatsa chinthu choyamba mu Seputembala 2024, chomwe chikukonzekera kupangidwa mochuluka mu Disembala chaka chino, mtsogolomu chidzakwaniritsa zokolola za pachaka za ma 58,800.Kachipangizo kakang'ono ka LEDma wafer.
Malinga ndi deta, kukula kwa msika wa ma chips a Micro LED mu 2023 ndi pafupifupi madola 32 miliyoni aku US, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa Micro LED mu 2025 kudzapitirira madola 3.5 biliyoni aku US pofika chaka cha 2025, ndipo akuyembekezeka kupitirira malire a madola 10 biliyoni aku US mu 2027.
Micro-LED- m'badwo wotsatira wa ukadaulo wowonetsera waukulu
Micro-LED, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mLED kapena μLED, ndi chipangizo chopangidwa ndi mayunitsi a electroluminescence a micron-scale. Kudzera muukadaulo wotumizira mass, mayunitsi awa amatha kusamutsidwa ku substrate yolimba kapena yosinthasintha kenako nkupakidwa ndi zigawo zoteteza ndi ma electrode.
Mfundo yowonetsera ya Micro-LED
Chiyambi cha ukadaulo wa MicroLED chili mu kapangidwe kake ka ma pixel, pixel iliyonse imapangidwa ndi ma pixel ofiira, obiriwira, ndi abuluu okhala ndi mitundu yoyambirira. Ma pixel aliwonse amatha kuyendetsedwa pawokha kuti asinthe bwino kuwala, mtundu ndi kusiyana kwa chiwonetserocho. Mu dongosolo lowonetsera la MicroLED, kuwala komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi LED iliyonse kumakonzedwa ndi lenzi ndi galasi, ndipo pamapeto pake amapanga ma pixel pazenera lowonetsera, ndipo amasinthidwa ndi fyuluta yamitundu kuti awonetse magwiridwe antchito amitundu omwe mukufuna. Ubwino wa ukadaulo uwu ndi kuthekera kwake kupereka kuwala kwakukulu, kusiyana, ndi kulondola kwa mitundu.
Komanso, Micro LEDGulu lamagetsi limalumikizidwa ku ma poles abwino ndi oipa a Micro LED iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito ma electrodes abwino ndi oipa omwe ali ndi ma gridi olumikizidwa molunjika. Kulumikizana kumeneku kumathandiza kuti Micro LED iyatsidwe posanthula poyambitsa mizere ya electrode motsatizana, motero kukwaniritsa kuwonetsedwa kwa chithunzi.
Njira ya Micro-LED
Micro-LED ndi kapangidwe ka LED komwe kamakonzedwa ndi filimu yopyapyala, miniaturization ndi array, ndipo kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi 1-100μm. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kusamutsa ma micro-LED m'magulu ku ma circuit board, omwe amatha kukhala olimba kapena ofewa, owonekera bwino kapena osawoneka bwino. Kenako, njira yoyika zinthu m'thupi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera gawo loteteza ndi electrode yapamwamba, ndipo pamapeto pake gawo lapamwamba limapakidwa kuti lipange chiwonetsero cha Micro-LED.
Mawonekedwe a Micro-LED ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mawonedwe achikhalidwe a LED pankhani ya tirigu, phukusi, njira yolumikizira, backplane ndi drive.
Njira yopangira ma micro-LED imaphatikizapo:
Choyamba, kristalo ya LED ndi yopyapyala, yopepuka komanso yolumikizidwa kudzera muukadaulo wa njira yopangira zinthu zazing'ono.
Pakadali pano, kuchepetsa njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma semiconductor ndi ma chips kukuyandikira malire ake, koma njira ya Micro-LED ikadali ndi malo ambiri okulira. Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: kuwotcherera pamlingo wa chip, kuwotcherera pamlingo wa epitaxial ndi kusamutsa filimu.
Chip bonding (Chip level bonding)
Kuwotcherera kwa Chip-level kumaphatikizapo kugawa LED m'ma micron-scale Micro LED chips ndikuwalumikiza ku bolodi lowonetsera pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa SMT kapena COB. Njirayi imatha kusintha malo osinthira, koma singasamutsidwe m'magulu.
SMT imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zamagetsi, poyika zigawo za chip pa PCB kapena malo ena a substrate, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira kutentha kapena kulowetsa madzi monga kuphatikiza kutentha. Njirazi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'anira zinthu, kuyika chophimba, kuyika chigamba, kuumitsa, kuyikanso madzi, kuyeretsa, plug-in, kuyika mafunde, kuyeretsanso, kuyang'anira ndi kukonza.
COB ndi ukadaulo wowonetsera waung'ono womwe umaphatikiza mwachindunji ma wafer a LED pa PCB ndikuwaphatikiza mu mayunitsi a CELL. Poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wa SMD, ukadaulo wopaka ma COB uli ndi zabwino zake zapadera.
Kulumikiza kwa Wafer (kuwotcherera kwa epitaxial)
Kuwotcherera pamlingo wa Epitaxial ndi njira yopangira mwachindunji kapangidwe ka filimu yopyapyala ya micrometer ya Micro-LED epitaxial pa filimu yopyapyala ya LED epitaxial pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa plasma ion etching (ICP). Kutalikirana kokhazikika kwa kapangidwe kameneka ndi mtunda wofunikira wa ma pixel owonetsera.
Kenako, chosungira cha LED chokhala ndi gawo la epitaxial ndi gawo lapansi chimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku bolodi la circuit drive, ndipo gawo lapansi limachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachilengedwe kapena ya mankhwala, ndikusiya kapangidwe ka filimu ya Micro-LED epitaxial ya 4 mpaka 5μm kuti ipange pixel yowonetsera pa bolodi la circuit drive. Ubwino wa njira iyi ndikuti kusamutsa kwa batch kumatha kuchitika, koma vuto ndilakuti nthawi yosamutsa singasinthidwe.
Kusamutsa filimu yopyapyala Kusamutsa filimu yopyapyala
Chigawo cha LED chimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakuthupi kapena za mankhwala, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lakanthawi kuti ligwire gawo la filimu ya Micro-LED. Kenako, kapangidwe ka micron kamapangidwa ndi kupukutira kwa plasma kolumikizidwa mwachisawawa. Njira ina ndiyo kupukutira kaye kenako kuchotsa gawo la LED. Malinga ndi kufunika kwa malo owonetsera a dera loyendetsa, filimu ya Micro-LED imasunthidwa kupita ku bolodi la dalaivala m'magulu ndi chida chosankha chosinthira kuti amalize kusonkhanitsa malo owonetsera. Njirayi ndi yotsika mtengo, siimangokhala ndi kukula kwa bolodi lowonetsera, ndipo imatha kusamutsidwa pamlingo waukulu.
Chachiwiri, kusamutsa gulu ku bolodi la dera - ukadaulo waukulu wosamutsa
Chinsinsi cha ukadaulo wa Micro-LED ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa zounikira zazing'ono kwambiri pa chip, zomwe zimafuna njira yapadera - ukadaulo waukulu wa micro-transfer (womwe umatchedwanso large transfer).
Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kusungunula molondola tinthu ta LED toyambira mazana ambiri mpaka zikwizikwi pa bolodi laling'ono la TFT, zomwe zimafuna kulephera kwakukulu kwambiri. Ngakhale pali ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana womwe ukuyesera kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi, kusamutsa zinthu zambiri ndiukadaulo womwe uyenera kupangidwa mochuluka.
Njira zosamutsira zinthu zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi: kunyamula zinthu molondola, kudzipangira wekha, kumasula zinthu mosankha, ndi kusamutsa.
Poyang'anizana ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa msika kwa zowonetsera zamitundu yambiri komanso zowoneka bwino, kusintha kwa mitundu ya Micro-LED kwakhala cholinga chachikulu chofufuza. Pakadali pano, njira zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito zikuphatikizapoNjira ya LED ya mitundu itatu ya RGB, njira yapakati yotulutsa kuwala kwa UV/buluu ya LED ndi njira yopangira ma lens optical.
Pamene msika wa AR/VR ukupitirira kukula, pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mapanelo ogwira ntchito bwino omwe ma LCD ndi ma OLED achikhalidwe sangathenso kukwaniritsa. Msikawu ukufunika mwachangu ukadaulo watsopano wowonetsera kuti uwongolere magwiridwe antchito ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yamtsogolo yopangira. Ukadaulo wa Micro-LED monga yankho lomwe likubwera, makhalidwe ake amaupangitsa kukhala wopikisana kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zosowa izi.
