Funda ngesizukulwane esilandelayo sobuchwepheshe bokubonisa obujwayelekile - i-Micro-LED
Esikhathini samanje, ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa sebuyindlela eyinhloko yokushintshana ngolwazi, buhlanganisa amafoni ahlakaniphile, amadivayisi e-VR/AR, imikhiqizo egqokwayo, izibonisi ezisemotweni, amaphilisi/amakhompyutha kanye nokuboniswa kwe-laser.
I-Micro LEDubuchwepheshe baziwa ngokuthi "ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa obujwayelekile besizukulwane esilandelayo", intuthuko yabo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kuyashesha, futhi amathuba emakethe ayanda.
Ukuhlelwa kwamabhizinisi ahamba phambili asekhaya
I-Tianma Microelectronics ibilokhu itshala imali kubuchwepheshe be-Micro-LED kusukela ngo-2017, igxile ku-PPI ephezulu, ukukhanya okuphezulu kanye nokukhanya okuphezulu. izibonisi zokubonisa obalaLe nkampani yethule imikhiqizo eminingi ehamba phambili embonini ye-Micro-LED.
Ngo-2022, iTianma yatshala imali ekwakhiweni komugqa wokukhiqiza we-Micro-LED osebenza ngokugcwele kusukela ekudlulisweni okukhulu kuya kumojula wokubonisa, isebenzisa inqubo ye-laser kanye nemishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, uma kungekho buchwepheshe obukhona emhlabeni, ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele. Lo mugqa waphumelela ekukhiqizeni kwawo kokuqala ngoJuni 26, 2024, lapho kwakhiwe khona imishini yokukhiqiza engaphezu kuka-30 kanye nezinto zokwakha ngokubambisana nezinkampani zokunikezela.
Ngomhlaka-31 Januwari, i-BOE Huacan Optoelectronics Zhuhai I-Micro LED Iphrojekthi yokukhiqiza nokuhlola ukupakisha ama-wafer ivaliwe, iphrojekthi ihlanganisa indawo engamahektha angaba ngu-217, ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaba yizigidigidi ezimbili zama-yuan, izokhanyisa umkhiqizo wokuqala ngoSepthemba 2024, ohlelwe ukuthi ukhiqizwe ngobuningi ngoDisemba kulo nyaka, ikusasa lizofinyelela umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke ongu-58,800.I-Micro LEDama-wafer.
Ngokusho kwedatha, usayizi wemakethe wama-chip e-Micro LED ngo-2023 ungaba yizigidi ezingama-32 zamaRandi aseMelika, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi usayizi wemakethe ye-Micro LED yomhlaba wonke ngo-2025 uzodlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.5 ngo-2025, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokwephula uphawu lwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ngo-2027.
I-Micro-LED- isizukulwane esilandelayo sobuchwepheshe bokubonisa obujwayelekile
I-Micro-LED, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mLED noma i-μLED, iyithuluzi elakhiwe ngamayunithi e-electroluminescence esikalini se-micron. Ngobuchwepheshe bokudlulisa ubukhulu, lawa mayunithi angadluliselwa ku-substrate eqinile noma eguquguqukayo bese epakishwa ngezendlalelo zokuvikela nama-electrode.
Isimiso sokubonisa se-Micro-LED
Ingqikithi yobuchwepheshe be-MicroLED isesimeni sayo samaphikseli, iphikseli ngayinye yakhiwe ngamaphikseli angaphansi kombala obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iphikseli ngayinye ingalawulwa ngokuzimela ukuze ilungise ngokunembile ukukhanya, umbala kanye nokuphambene kwesibonisi. Kuhlelo lokubonisa lwe-MicroLED, ukukhanya okukhishwa yi-LED ngayinye kucutshungulwa ilensi nesibuko, bese ekugcineni kwakha amaphikseli esikrinini sokubonisa, futhi kulungiswa yisihlungi sombala ukuze kuboniswe ukusebenza kombala okufiswayo. Inzuzo yalobu buchwepheshe yikhono layo lokunikeza ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu, ukuphambene kanye nokunemba kombala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Micro I-LEDi-array ixhunywe ezigxotsheni ezinhle nezimbi ze-Micro LED ngayinye ngama-electrode egridi amahle nezimbi ahlelwe ngokuvundlile. Lokhu kuxhumana kwenza i-Micro LED ikhanyiswe ngokuskena ngokusebenzisa imigqa ye-electrode ngokulandelana okuthile, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukuboniswa kwesithombe.
Inqubo ye-Micro-LED
I-Micro-LED iyisakhiwo se-LED esicutshungulwa ngefilimu encane, i-miniaturization kanye ne-array, futhi ubukhulu bayo bungaba ngu-1-100μm. Le ndlela ihilela ukudlulisa ama-micro-LED ngamaqoqo kumabhodi wesekethe, angaba lukhuni noma athambile, asobala noma angacaci. Okulandelayo, inqubo yokufaka ebonakalayo isetshenziswa ukwengeza ungqimba oluvikelayo kanye ne-electrode ephezulu, bese ekugcineni i-substrate ephezulu ipakishwa ukuze yakhe isibonisi se-Micro-LED.
Izibonisi ze-Micro-LED zihluke kakhulu kuzibonisi ze-LED zendabuko ngokwezinto ezisanhlamvu, iphakheji, inqubo yokuhlanganisa, i-backplane kanye ne-drive.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-Micro-LED ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:
Okokuqala, ikristalu le-LED liyifilimu encane, liyi-miniaturization futhi lihambisana nobuchwepheshe benqubo yokwenziwa kwezinto ezincane.
Njengamanje, inqubo yokunciphisa ama-semiconductor nama-chip isondela emkhawulweni wayo, kodwa inqubo ye-Micro-LED isenendawo enkulu yokukhula. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo: ukushisela izinga le-chip, ukushisela izinga le-epitaxial kanye nokudluliselwa kwefilimu.
Ukubopha kwe-Chip (ukubopha kwe-Chip level)
Ukushisela kwezinga le-chip kuhilela ukuhlukanisa i-LED ibe ama-chip e-Micro LED amancane bese uwabopha ebhodini lokubonisa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-SMT noma be-COB. Le ndlela ingalungisa isikhala sokudlulisa, kodwa ayikwazi ukudluliselwa ngamaqoqo.
I-SMT isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa kwe-elekthronikhi, ngokufaka izingxenye ze-chip ku-PCB noma kwezinye izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokushisela kabusha noma zokushisela ngokucwilisa njengokuhlanganiswa kokushisela. Izinyathelo zifaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezinto, ukunamathisela isikrini, ukunamathisela, ukomisa, ukushisela kabusha, ukuhlanza, ukufaka i-plug-in, ukushisela ngamagagasi, ukuhlanza kabusha, ukuhlola nokulungisa.
I-COB ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa obuncane obuhlanganisa ngqo ama-wafer e-LED ku-PCB bese buwahlanganisa abe amayunithi e-CELL. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe be-SMD, ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha be-COB bunezinzuzo zabo eziyingqayizivele.
Ukubopha kwe-wafer (ukushisela kwe-epitaxial)
Ukushisela izinga le-Epitaxial kuyindlela yokwakha ngqo izinga le-micrometer Isakhiwo sefilimu encane ye-epitaxial ye-Micro-LED epitaxial kungqimba lwefilimu encane ye-epitaxial ye-LED ngobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe be-plasma ion etching (ICP). Isikhala esinqunyiwe salesi sakhiwo yisikhala esidingekayo samaphikseli okubonisa.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-wafer ye-LED equkethe ungqimba lwe-epitaxial kanye ne-substrate ixhunywe ngqo ebhodini lesifunda se-drive, bese i-substrate ihlutshulwa kusetshenziswa indlela ebonakalayo noma yamakhemikhali, kushiye isakhiwo sefilimu ye-epitaxial ye-Micro-LED engu-4 kuya ku-5μm kuphela ukuze kwakheke iphikseli yokubonisa ebhodini lesifunda se-drive. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwe-batch kungabonakala, kodwa ububi ukuthi isikhathi sokudluliselwa asikwazi ukulungiswa.
Ukudluliselwa kwefilimu encane Ukudluliselwa kwefilimu encane
I-substrate ye-LED isuswa ngezindlela ezibonakalayo noma zamakhemikhali, kusetshenziswa i-substrate yesikhashana ukubamba ungqimba lwefilimu ye-Micro-LED. Ngemuva kwalokho, isakhiwo se-micron sakhiwa ngokuqopha i-plasma ehlanganiswe ngendlela engasebenzi. Enye indlela ukuqopha kuqala bese ukhipha i-substrate ye-LED. Ngokwesidingo sesikhala sendawo yokubonisa yesekethe yokushayela, ifilimu ye-Micro-LED ithuthelwa ebhodini lomshayeli ngamaqoqo ngethuluzi lokudlulisa elikhethiwe ukuze kuqedwe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-display point. Le nqubo ishibhile, ayinqunyelwe ubukhulu bebhodi yokubonisa, futhi ingadluliselwa ngezinga elikhulu.
Okwesibili, ukudluliselwa kweqembu ebhodini lesifunda - ubuchwepheshe obukhulu bokudlulisa
Isihluthulelo sobuchwepheshe be-Micro-LED ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile kwezibani ezincane kakhulu ku-chip, okudinga inqubo ekhethekile - ubuchwepheshe be-micro-transfer enkulu (ebizwa nangokuthi i-large transfer).
Le ndlela ihilela ukunamathisela ngokunembile amakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zezinhlayiya ze-LED eziyinhloko ebhodini elincane lesifunda le-TFT, okudinga izinga lokuhluleka eliphezulu kakhulu. Nakuba kunezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezahlukene ezizama ukufeza lo mgomo, ukudluliselwa kobuningi kusewubuchwepheshe obuzokhiqizwa ngobuningi.
Amasu okudlulisa ubuningi ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine: ukubamba ngokunemba, ukuzihlanganisa, ukukhulula okukhethayo, kanye nokudlulisa.
Njengoba kunesidingo esikhulu semakethe sezikrini ezinemibala ephezulu nezinesisombululo esiphezulu, ukwenziwa kombala kwe-Micro-LED sekuyinto ebalulekile ocwaningweni. Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa zifaka phakathiIndlela ye-RGB yemibala emithathu ye-LED, indlela ye-UV/blue LED ekhipha ukukhanya okuphakathi kanye nendlela yokwenziwa kwelensi ye-optical.
Njengoba imakethe ye-AR/VR iqhubeka nokukhula, kunesidingo esikhulayo samaphaneli asebenza kahle kakhulu izibonisi ze-LCD ne-OLED zendabuko ezingasakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo. Imakethe idinga ubuchwepheshe obusha bokubonisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo. Ubuchwepheshe be-Micro-LED njengesixazululo esivelayo, izici zalo ziyenza ibe ngumncintiswano onamandla wokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo.
