Daga OLED zuwa Micro LED: Yaƙin da ke tsakanin China da Koriya ta Kudu don nunin tsara na gaba na iya shiga lokacin wasan

Bayanan bincike na kamfanin bincike na kasuwa Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC) sun nuna cewa a shekarar 2023, bisa ga yankin nunin, kwamitin nunin Koriya ta Kudu ya kai kashi 10% kacal na duniya, kuma babban yankin China ya kai kashi 67%. Musamman a fannin fasahar OLED da ke tasowa da fasahar zamani. Micro LED, Babban matsayin Koriya ta Kudu yana raguwa a hankali.

Lee Choong-hoon, shugaban UBI Research a Koriya, ya ce, "Idan muka duba ci gaban fasaha kawai, akwai tazara tsakanin shekaru ɗaya zuwa biyu (tsakanin Koriya da China) a nunin OLED." A watan Maris na wannan shekarar, shugaban Samsung Display Choi Ju-sun ya kuma ce tazarar fasaha tsakanin masana'antun OLED na China da namu tana tsakanin shekaru ɗaya zuwa 1.5. A cewar hasashen Omdia, a rabin farko na 2024, jigilar OLED na babban yankin China da za a iya ninkawa zai kai raka'a miliyan 6.4, wanda ya kai kashi 53% na jigilar kayayyaki a duniya - karo na farko da wannan rukunin mai girma ya mamaye hannun jarin duniya.

A gefe guda kuma, a fannin fasahar Micro LED, masana'antar Koriya ma tana cikin damuwa. Bayan haka, yankin babban yankin China a yanzu shine babban tushen masana'antu da sarkar masana'antu na LED a duniya. Musamman daga mahangar fasahar sama, silicon carbide a Amurka, sapphire a Japan, monocrystalline silicon a China da gallium nitride sun samar da hanyar fasaha mai zaman kanta. A lokaci guda, a cikin binciken da haɓaka fasahar kayan perovskite mai tasowa, masana'antar China koyaushe tana ci gaba da samun isasshen jari da ƙarfin bincike.

Don cimma wannan buri, gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu kwanan nan ta yanke shawarar zuba jarin Yuan biliyan 484 (Yuan biliyan 2.57) a cikin shekaru takwas don haɓaka fasahar nuna hasken da ba ta da sinadarai (iLED, Micro LED, da sauransu) da kuma gina yanayin muhalli. Shirin ya fi taimakawa Koriya ta Kudu wajen gina sarkar masana'antu ta "wadata kanta" daga kayayyaki, kayan aiki, hanyoyin aiki zuwa tashoshi.

Wasu masu sharhi kan masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa gasar da ke tsakanin China da Koriya ta Kudu a cikin ci gaban allon nuni da kuma sarkar masana'antar allon nuni na gaba na samar da tsarin "matsayi" dangane da OLED da Micro LED.

"Kada ku saurari masana'antar Koriya ta shekaru 1.5." Wannan shine kimantawar wani mai bincike a masana'antar. Ya ce lokacin ya fi zama taken da Koriya ta Kudu za ta yi don ƙarfafa haɗin kai na cikin gida. Idan kuna son daidaita matakin samfurin, wataƙila ana cewa IT cewa akan OLED, layin IT na Samsung 8.6 na iya zama shekaru 1.5 kafin samar da layin IT na BOE 8.6.

A gaskiya ma, Koriya ta Kudu a cikin sarkar masana'antar OLED tsawon shekaru da yawa, samuwar fa'idar har yanzu tana da girma. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman a ɓangaren kayan aiki da kayan aiki: misali, sabuwar layin OLED B16 na BOE mai ƙarni 8.6 ya yanke shawarar amfani da kayan aikin injinan ƙafewa na Sunic System na Koriya ta Kudu. Misali, Idemitsu Kosan na Japan, yana haɓaka canja wurin dukkan sassan binciken da haɓaka kayan aiki na diode mai fitar da haske (OLED) zuwa Koriya. Idemitsu wakili ne na kamfanin mai da kayan aiki a Japan, tare da tallace-tallace sama da tiriliyan 80 na won kowace shekara (kimanin yuan biliyan 416), kuma yana da fasahar OLED ta asali.

A masana'antar OLED, injin na'urar tacewa daidai yake da na'urar lithography a kasuwar semiconductor. A halin yanzu, kamfanonin Japan da Koriya ne kawai ke yin su. Japan da Koriya ta Kudu suna da haɗin gwiwa sosai a cikin ci gaban OLED. Bugu da ƙari, Apple, a matsayin babban abokin ciniki na OLED panels, koyaushe yana fifita samfuran da aka yi da kayan aiki da kayan Japan.

A cewar rahoton Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Nuni ta Koriya, yawan kayan aikin OLED da ake samu a Koriya ya karu daga kashi 65% a shekarar 2019 zuwa kashi 71.5% a wannan shekarar. Daga cikinsu, yawan kayan aikin OLED da ake samu a Koriya ya karu daga kashi 60% a shekarar 2019 zuwa kashi 70% a wannan shekarar; Yawan kayan aikin OLED da ake samu a Koriya ya karu daga kashi 70% zuwa kashi 73%.

Saboda haka, babbar masana'antar OLED a Koriya ta Kudu ita ce kan gaba a dukkan sarkar masana'antu, da kuma babban haɗin gwiwa na kasuwanci da fasaha da Japan da Amurka. A wannan fanni, saurin da kamfanonin China ke yi na cimma wannan buri, ya yi nisa da ƙarfin samar da allon nuni.

Ba da wasa ga "buƙatar kasuwa da gasa a farashi, ƙirƙirar fa'idar sikelin" shi ma ra'ayin masana'antar OLED ta China ne a wannan matakin. Misali, a cikin ƙarni na gaba na IT tare da layin samar da 8.6, wato, bayan Samsung, BOE, kwanan nan suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da Hefei, suka amince su zuba jari a gina aikin samar da layin samar da OLED na ƙarni 8.6 a Hefei, ana sa ran jimlar jarin zai kai yuan biliyan 55. Ana sa ran aikin zai yi amfani da fasahar "lithographic" da Vicigna ta haɓaka daban-daban, tare da ci gaba da bambance-bambance a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa, farashi da aikin nuni. A lokaci guda, labarin ya ce Tianma kuma tana shirin zuba jari a aikin OLED na ƙarni na 8, ana sa ran zai tantance shirin zuba jari a cikin shekara.

Baya ga fasahar fitar da iska ta gargajiya, Huaxing Optoelectronics ta zama jagora a duniya a fannin masana'antu na kayan OLED da aka buga, kayan aiki da tashoshin. Zhao Jun, Shugaba na TCL Huaxing, ya ce a fannin nunin OLED da aka buga na zamani, tallan TCL Huaxing ya fi mayar da hankali kan fannin nunin matsakaici, kamar na kasuwanci, nunin wasanni na lantarki, nunin rubutu, da kuma kayayyaki daban-daban kamar na likitanci, abin hawa, da kuma sarrafa masana'antu. Ana sa ran Huaxing za ta ƙaddamar da layin gwaji na farko na samar da kayayyaki mai yawa na layin 5.5 a rabin na biyu na shekara, allon bugawa na OLED na kasuwanci mai matsakaicin girma, da allon tallan masu amfani a shekara mai zuwa.

Idan aikin buga OLED na Huaxing Optoelectronics ya tafi cikin sauƙi, zai zama dama ga masana'antar nunin OLED ta China don cimma layin da ya wuce daga kayan aiki da kayan aiki zuwa tashar.

A kan allon OLED, "Fa'idodin Koriya ta Kudu sune tarin kayayyaki, sarkar masana'antu ta sama tana da ƙarfi, kuma haɗin gwiwa ta kud da kud da Japan da Amurka; Fa'idar China ita ce girman saka hannun jari na ƙarshe yana da yawa, buƙatar kasuwa tana da ƙarfi, kuma hanyar fasaha mai tasowa kamar zane-zanen bugawa da lithography ta fi aiki..." Tabbas, ya kamata a lura cewa har yanzu za a magance matsalar gibin da masana'antar OLED ta China ke fuskanta kan kayan aiki na asali kamar injunan evaporation.

A matsayinta na wata fasahar nuni mai tasowa, Micro LED tana da babban tsammanin. TrendForce Consulting ta fitar da "Rahoton Binciken Farashin Kasuwar Micro LED na 2024" tana hasashen cewa ƙimar fitarwa na kwakwalwan Micro LED a kasuwar na'urori masu sawa kawai a cikin 2022 zuwa 2027 ƙimar haɓaka mahaɗi (CAGR) zai kai 136%. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da allon ƙananan LED a kasuwannin nunin motoci, IT, TV mai launi da injiniyan manyan allo.

A halin yanzu, bisa ga nazarin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasashen waje, kaso na China a duniya na siyan kayan aikin Micro LED ya fi kashi 70%. Ana iya cewa masana'antar China na cimma nasarar "cikakken sarkar" daga manyan samfuran LED na gargajiya zuwa manyan nunin Micro LED masu tasowa. A martanin da Koriya ta Kudu ta mayar, a gefe guda, martanin da ta mayar kan Koriya ta Kudu shi ne ƙara haɓaka fasahar cikin gida da tallafin manufofi, a gefe guda, don ƙara haɗin gwiwa da Japan, yankin Taiwan na China da kuma sassan masana'antu na Turai da Amurka. Misali, kayayyakin THE WALL na Samsung sun yi amfani da fasahar AU AM TFT da 錼 ta yankin Taiwan na China, guntunan LED na Fucai da sauran kayayyaki.

Idan aka kwatanta da jagorancin OLED na Koriya ta Kudu a dukkan sarkar, fa'idodin kamfanonin China da masana'antu a Micro LED sun fi yawa. Musamman idan aka yi la'akari da yawan masu zuba jari da kuma yadda ake amfani da su, masana'antar Micro LED ta China tana da halaye na bunƙasa. Masu sharhi a masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa babban rashin amfanin kamfanonin Koriya a gasar nunin faifai shine "rashin isassun manyan batutuwa." A wannan fanni, ƙasarmu ta dogara ne akan fa'idar "girma" kuma tana samar da ayyukan rukuni, wanda galibi zai iya cin nasarar mu'ujizar ci gaban "ƙarfafa manyan tubalan tashi".

Musamman a cikin kayan aiki da kayan aikin Micro LED na sama, kamar kayan aikin MOCVD, kamfanin ya samar da cikakken nau'ikan samfura tare da haƙƙin mallakar fasaha mai zaman kansa; Ita ce babbar masana'antar kayan aikin LED na gallium nitride a duniya, tare da babban kaso na kasuwa a fannin Ƙaramin LED Kayan aiki na gida na nitride. Dangane da haɗakar Micro LED, Dazu Laser ta ƙirƙiro canja wurin taro na micro-LED, walda na micro-LED, gyaran micro-LED da sauran kayan aiki; An sanya babban kayan aikin canja wurin & cirewa & haɗa laser da Maiwei da Tianma suka ƙera a layin samar da Tianma Micro LED, kuma ana sa ran za a kunna samfuran farko a wannan shekarar.

"Ba tare da wata matsala ta kayan aiki masu mahimmanci ba, ci gaban masana'antar Micro LED zai fi cin gashin kansa." Wannan shine masana'antar Micro LED a China idan aka kwatanta da masana'antar OLED mafi "fa'ida a gefe guda." A zahiri, saka hannun jari na layin samar da OLED 8.6, ban da Samsung da Beijing Oriental guda biyu, da farko sun kafa ƙarfin samar da injin fitar da iskar gas na Japan da Koriya ta Kudu, LG, Vicino, Tianma da sauran tsare-tsaren saka hannun jari na kamfanoni, yana ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa na "samar da injin fitar da iskar gas". Irin waɗannan abubuwa ba su wanzu a kasuwar Micro LED a halin yanzu, shi ya sa masana'antar ke da kyakkyawan fata game da saurin sake fasalin fasahar nunin Micro LED.

Duk da haka, ga gasar nunin gaba, ƙwararrun masana masana'antu sun kuma nuna cewa wannan ba yaƙin "rage guduma" ba ne. A gefe guda, fasaha tana ci gaba da ƙirƙira da haɓakawa, kuma babu wanda zai iya tabbatar da cewa wace fasaha ce ta gaba. A gefe guda kuma, bambancin buƙatun aikace-aikace na iya sa nunin panel na gaba koyaushe ya zama "tsarin rayuwa tare da fasaha da yawa".

Misali, TCL Huaxing Zhao Jun ya ce a wannan fanni, nunin OLED na gaba a fagen aikace-aikace, babban yuwuwar rashin samun kashi 50% ko ma sama da haka kamar wayoyin hannu, na iya kaiwa kashi 10%-20%, ba fiye da kashi 30% ba, bayan haka, farashin yana da yawa. Don haka, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yaƙin panel na Sino-Korea zai yi gasa a cikin haɗakar fasahar LCD, OLED, da Micro LED. Dangane da LCD, kamfanonin China sun kafa cikakkiyar fa'ida, OLED yana samun ƙaramin saurin kamawa, Micro LED yana kan gaba na ɗan lokaci.