Mai i te OLED ki te Micro LED: Ko te pakanga i waenganui i a Haina me Kōrea ki te Tonga mō te whakaaturanga o te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei ka uru pea ki te wā whakataetae

E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga rangahau a te kamupene rangahau mākete Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC) i te tau 2023, e ai ki te rohe whakaaturanga, 10% noa iho o te ao i whakamahia e Korea ki te Tonga te papa whakaaturanga, ā, 67% te ao i whakamahia e Haina, inā koa ko te hangarau hou o te OLED me ngā hangarau o muri mai. Arataki Moroiti, kei te memeha haere te taha ārahi o Kōrea ki te Tonga.

I mea atu a Lee Choong-hoon, te tumuaki o UBI Research i Korea, "Ki te titiro tātou ki te whanaketanga hangarau anake, he rerekētanga kei waenganui i a Korea me Haina mō te whakaaturanga OLED i waenganui i te kotahi ki te rua tau." I te marama o Poutū-te-rangi o tēnei tau, i kī atu anō te Perehitini o Samsung Display, a Choi Ju-sun, ko te rerekētanga hangarau i waenganui i ngā kaihanga papa OLED Hainamana me ā tātou he tata ki te kotahi ki te kotahi me te hawhe tau. E ai ki te matapae a Omdia, i te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2024, ka eke ngā tuku OLED takai o Haina ki te 6.4 miriona waeine, e 53% o ngā tuku o te ao - koinei te wā tuatahi kua eke ake tēnei kāwai teitei ki te wāhanga o te ao.

I tētahi atu taha, i roto i te hangarau Micro LED, kei te āwangawanga hoki te umanga o Korea. Nā te mea, ko te rohe tuawhenua o Haina te turanga mekameka hanga me te ahumahi LED nui rawa atu o te ao. Ina koa mai i te tirohanga o te hangarau whakarunga, kua hangaia e te silicon carbide i te United States, te sapphire i Hapani, te monocrystalline silicon i Haina me te gallium nitride he ara hangarau matua motuhake. I taua wā anō, i roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau rauemi perovskite hou, kua mau tonu te kaha haumi me te tūhuratanga o te umanga o Haina.

Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, i whakatau tata nei te kāwanatanga o Kōrea ki te Tonga ki te haumi i te 484 piriona won (2.57 piriona yuan) i roto i ngā tau e waru hei whakawhanake i te hangarau whakaaturanga rama kore-ora (iLED, Micro LED, me ētahi atu) me te hanga i tētahi pūnaha rauropi. Ko te nuinga o te mahere ka āwhina i a Kōrea ki te Tonga ki te hanga i tētahi mekameka ahumahi "whaiaro" mai i ngā rauemi, ngā taputapu, ngā tukanga ki ngā taunga.

E whakapono ana ētahi kaitātari ahumahi kei te hanga te whakataetae i waenga i a Haina me Kōrea ki te Tonga i roto i te mekameka ahumahi papa whakaatu matatau me te mekameka ahumahi papa whakaatu a meake nei i tētahi tauira "taurite" huri noa i te OLED me te Micro LED.

"Kaua e whakarongo ki ngā tau 1.5 o te umanga Kōrea." Koinei te aromatawai a tētahi o roto i te umanga. I kī ia ko te wā he pepeha mō Kōrea ki te Tonga hei whakaoho i te kotahitanga ā-roto. Ki te hiahia koe ki te whakarite i te taumata hua, tera pea e kīia ana ko te raina IT o te whakatupuranga 8.6 o Samsung i runga i te OLED ka 1.5 tau te mua atu i te raina IT o te whakatupuranga BOE 8.6.

Ina hoki, he nui tonu te painga o Korea ki te Tonga i roto i te mekameka ahumahi OLED mō ngā tau maha. He pono rawa tēnei i te taha rauemi me ngā taputapu: hei tauira, kua whakatau te raina OLED B16 whakatupuranga 8.6 hou a BOE ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu mīhini mimiti Sunic System a Korea ki te Tonga. Hei tauira, kei te whakatairanga a Idemitsu Kosan o Hapani i te whakawhiti i ana tari rangahau me te whanaketanga (R&D) tono rauemi diode marama-whakaputa-ora (OLED) katoa ki Korea. He kamupene matū me ngā rauemi a Idemitsu i Hapani, me ngā hoko ā-tau neke atu i te 80 trillion won (tata ki te 416 piriona yuan), ā, kei a ia te hangarau OLED taketake.

I roto i te umanga OLED, he rite te mīhini mimiti ki te mīhini tuhi i roto i te mākete haurua-ira. I tēnei wā, ko ngā kamupene Hapanihi me Kōrea anake e hanga ana i ēnei. He tata te mahi tahi a Hapani me Kōrea ki te Tonga i roto i te ahumahi OLED. Hei tāpiri, ko Apple, he kaihoko nui o ngā panera OLED, he pai tonu ki a ia ngā hua i hangaia ki ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi Hapanihi.

E ai ki te pūrongo a te Korea Display Industry Association, i piki te reiti whakaurunga o ngā rauemi mata, ngā wāhanga me ngā taputapu OLED ki Korea mai i te 65% i te tau 2019 ki te 71.5% i tēnei tau. I roto i ēnei, i piki te reiti whakaurunga o ngā wāhanga me ngā rauemi tukatuka OLED ki Korea mai i te 60% i te tau 2019 ki te 70% i tēnei tau; i piki te reiti whakaurunga o ngā taputapu matua 19 mai i te 70% ki te 73%.

Nō reira, ko te umanga OLED matua o Kōrea ki te Tonga te kaiārahi o te mekameka ahumahi katoa, tae atu ki te mahi tahi hokohoko me te hangarau matua ki a Hapani me te Hononga o Amerika. I tēnei whakaaro, kei muri rawa te tere o ngā umanga Haina ki te hopu i te kaha whakaputa papa whakaatu, engari he tawhiti rawa atu i muri i a rātou.

Ko te whakaaro nui o te umanga OLED o Haina i tēnei wā ko te "tono mākete me te whakataetae utu, te hanganga o te painga tauine". Hei tauira, i roto i te whakatupuranga hangarau mōhiohio e whai ake nei me te raina whakatupuranga 8.6, arā, i muri i te hainatanga a Samsung, BOE, i tētahi tuhinga mahi tahi me Hefei, me te whakaae ki te haumi ki te hanganga o te kaupapa raina whakaputa OLED whakatupuranga 8.6 i Hefei, e matapaetia ana ko te tapeke o te haumitanga ka eke ki te 55 piriona yuan. E matapaetia ana ka whakamahia pea e te kaupapa te hangarau "tuhituhi" i whakawhanakehia motuhaketia e Vicigna, me ngā putanga hou me ngā rerekētanga o te hua, te utu me te mahi whakaatu. I taua wā anō, i kīia e ngā purongo kei te whakamahere hoki a Tianma ki te haumi ki te kaupapa OLED whakatupuranga 8, e matapaetia ana ka whakatauhia te mahere haumi i roto i te tau.

Haunga te hangarau mimiti tuku iho, kua noho a Huaxing Optoelectronics hei kaiārahi o te ao i roto i te mekameka ahumahi o ngā rauemi OLED tā, ngā taputapu me ngā pito. I kī a Zhao Jun, te Tumu Whakarae o TCL Huaxing, i roto i te mara o te whakaaturanga OLED tā o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, ko te arotahi whakatairanga a TCL Huaxing kei runga i te mara o te whakaaturanga rahi-waenga, pērā i te arumoni, ngā whakaaturanga hākinakina-e, ngā whakaaturanga pona, me ngā hua rerekē pērā i te hauora, te waka, me te mana whakahaere ahumahi. E matapaetia ana ka whakarewahia e Huaxing tana raina whakamātautau whakaputa papatipu tuatahi, raina whakatupuranga 5.5 i te haurua tuarua o te tau, te mata tā OLED rahi-waenga arumoni, me te mata kaihoko i te tau e tū mai nei.

Ki te pai te haere o te kaupapa tā OLED a Huaxing Optoelectronics, he whai wāhitanga tēnei mā te umanga whakaaturanga OLED o Haina ki te whakatutuki i te whakawhiti ara mai i ngā rauemi me ngā taputapu ki te tauranga.

I runga i te whakaaturanga OLED, "Ko ngā painga o Kōrea ki te Tonga ko te kohikohi, he kaha te mekameka ahumahi o runga, me te mahi tahi tata ki a Hapani me te Hononga o Amerika; ko te painga o Haina he nui te tauine haumi o muri, he kaha te tono mākete, ā, he kaha ake te huarahi hangarau hou pēnei i te tā me te whakairoiro lithography..." Ko te tikanga, me kite hoki ko te raruraru aukati o te ahumahi OLED o Haina i runga i ngā taputapu matua pēnei i ngā mīhini mimiti kei te kore tonu e whakatauhia.

Hei hangarau whakaaturanga hou, he nui ngā tumanakohanga a te Micro LED. I tukuna e TrendForce Consulting te "2024 Micro LED Market Trend and Technology Cost Analysis Report" e tohu ana ko te uara putanga o ngā maramara Micro LED i roto i te mākete taputapu mau anake i te tau 2022 ki te 2027 ka eke ki te 136%. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te whakaaturanga micro LED ki ngā mākete whakaaturanga mata nui o te motuka, te hangarau mōhiohio, te pouaka whakaata tae me te hangarau.

I tēnei wā, e ai ki ngā tātaritanga pāpāho o tāwāhi, neke atu i te 70% te nui o te hoko taputapu Micro LED a Haina i te ao katoa. Ka taea te kī kei te whakatinanahia e te umanga o Haina te "mekameka katoa" mai i ngā hua LED tuku iho matua ki te whakaaturanga Micro LED hou. Hei whakautu, ko te whakautu a Kōrea ki te Tonga, i tētahi taha, he whakanui ake i te whanaketanga hangarau ā-rohe me te tautoko kaupapa here, i tētahi atu taha, he whakanui ake i te mahi tahi me Hapani, te rohe o Haina o Taiwan me Ūropi me ngā mekameka ahumahi e pā ana ki te Hononga o Amerika. Hei tauira, i tangohia e ngā hua THE WALL a Samsung te rohe o Haina o Taiwan AU AM TFT me te hangarau auaha 錼, ngā maramara LED Fucai me ētahi atu hua.

Ki te whakataurite ki te arataki o OLED o Kōrea ki te Tonga i runga i te mekameka katoa, he nui ake ngā painga o ngā umanga me ngā ahumahi Hainamana i roto i te Micro LED. Ina whakaarohia te maha o ngā kaupapa haumi me te kanorau o ngā tono, he āhuatanga puāwai te umanga Micro LED o Haina. E whakapono ana ngā tāngata o roto i te umanga ko te ngoikoretanga nui o ngā kamupene Kōrea i roto i te whakataetae papa whakaatu ko te "kore e ranea te maha o ngā kaupapa nui." I tēnei whakaaro, ka whakawhirinaki tō tātou whenua ki te painga o te "rahinga" me te hanga mahi rōpū, ka taea te wikitoria i te merekara tipu o te "kaha pereki nui e rere ana".

Ina koa i roto i ngā rauemi me ngā taputapu o runga o te Micro LED, pērā i ngā taputapu MOCVD, kua hangaia e te kamupene he whānuitanga katoa o ngā hua me ngā mana pupuri hinengaro motuhake; Koia te kaihanga matua o te ao o ngā taputapu LED e hangai ana ki te gallium nitride, me te wahanga mākete matua i roto i te mara o Iti Arataki ngā taputapu kāinga nitride. Mō te whakaurunga Micro LED, kua whakawhanakehia e Dazu Laser te whakawhiti papatipu micro-LED, te whakarewa papatipu micro-LED, te whakatika micro-LED me ētahi atu taputapu; Kua tāutahia ngā taputapu whakawhiti me te tango me te here nui laser i whakawhanakehia e Maiwei me Tianma ki te raina whakaputa Tianma Micro LED, ā, e matapaetia ana ka tahuna ngā hua tuatahi i tēnei tau.

"Ki te kore he ārai o ngā taputapu matua, ka nui ake te mana motuhake o te tipu o te umanga Micro LED." Koinei te umanga Micro LED i Haina, ki te whakatauritea ki te umanga OLED, he "painga nui ake i te taha kotahi." Inaa, ko te haumitanga o te raina whakatipuranga OLED 8.6, me Samsung me Beijing Oriental, e rua ngā paionia, i tuatahi te whakapūmau i te kaha whakaputa o Hapani me Kōrea ki te Tonga, LG, Vicino, Tianma me ngā mahere haumi a ētahi atu kamupene, kei raro i ngā here "tuku mīhini mimiti". Kāore he mea rite i tēnei wā i roto i te mākete Micro LED, koia te take e tino tumanako ana te umanga mō te tere o te hangarau whakaaturanga Micro LED.

Heoi, mō te whakataetae o te whakaaturanga ā muri ake nei, i kī atu ngā tohunga ahumahi ehara tēnei i te pakanga "hinganga hama". I tētahi taha, kei te haere tonu te hangarau ki te auaha me te whakapai ake, ā, kāore e taea e tetahi te kī taurangi ko tēhea hangarau kei te heke mai. I tētahi atu taha, ko te kanorau o ngā hiahia tono ka waiho pea te whakaaturanga panui ā muri ake nei hei tauira "noho tahi maha-hangarau".

Hei tauira, i kī a TCL Huaxing Zhao Jun mō tēnei whakaaro, ko te whakaaturanga OLED ā muri ake nei i roto i te whānuitanga o te tono, he nui te tūponotanga kāore e taea te kī he 50%, he nui ake rānei pērā i ngā waea pūkoro, tera pea ka kī he 10%-20%, kaua e neke atu i te 30%, he nui hoki te utu. Nō reira, i roto i te wā poto, ka whakataetae te pakanga panui Sino-Korea i roto i te whakakotahitanga o ngā hangarau LCD, OLED, me te Micro LED. Mō te LCD, kua whakatūria e ngā umanga Haina he painga whānui, kei te whakatutukihia e te OLED he tere ake o te hopu ake, ko te Micro LED te kaiārahi mō te wā poto.