Mai OLED a i Micro LED: ʻO ke kaua ma waena o Kina a me Kōlea Hema no ka hōʻikeʻike hanauna e hiki mai ana e komo paha i ka manawa hoʻokūkū

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili noiʻi mākeke ʻo Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC) i ka makahiki 2023, e like me ka wahi hōʻike, ʻo ka panela hōʻike o Kōlea Hema he 10% wale nō o ka honua, a ʻo ka ʻāina nui o Kina he 67%. ʻOi loa aku hoʻi i ka ʻenehana hou OLED a me ka ʻenehana e hiki mai ana. Led liʻiliʻi, ke emi mālie nei ke alakaʻi o Kōlea Hema.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lee Choong-hoon, ke poʻo o UBI Research ma Korea, "Inā mākou e nānā i ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana wale nō, aia kahi hakahaka o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki (ma waena o Korea a me Kina) ma ka hōʻike OLED." I Malaki o kēia makahiki, ua ʻōlelo pū ka Pelekikena o Samsung Display ʻo Choi Ju-sun ʻo ka hakahaka ʻenehana ma waena o nā mea hana panel OLED Kina a me kā mākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi a 1.5 mau makahiki. Wahi a ka wānana a Omdia, i ka hapa mua o 2024, e hiki aku nā hoʻouna OLED hiki ke pelu ʻia o Kina i 6.4 miliona mau ʻāpana, e helu ana i 53% o nā hoʻouna honua - ʻo ia ka manawa mua i ʻoi aku ai kēia māhele kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mahele honua.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka ʻenehana Micro LED, hopohopo pū ka ʻoihana Korea. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka ʻāina nui o Kina i kēia manawa ke kahua hana LED nui loa o ka honua a me ke kaulahao ʻoihana. ʻOi loa mai ka manaʻo o ka ʻenehana uka kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻokumu ka silicon carbide ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka sapphire ma Iapana, ka monocrystalline silicon ma Kina a me ka gallium nitride i kahi ala ʻenehana koʻikoʻi kūʻokoʻa. I ka manawa like, i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana mea perovskite e kū mai ana, ua mālama mau ka ʻoihana Kina i ka lawa o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka ʻimi ʻana.

No kēia hopena, ua hoʻoholo ke aupuni o Kōlea Hema e hoʻokomo i 484 biliona won (2.57 biliona yuan) i loko o ʻewalu mau makahiki e hoʻomohala i ka ʻenehana hōʻikeʻike kukui inorganic (iLED, Micro LED, a pēlā aku) a kūkulu i kahi ʻōnaehana kaiaola. Kōkua nui ka hoʻolālā iā Kōlea Hema e kūkulu i kahi kaulahao ʻoihana "kūʻokoʻa" mai nā mea hana, nā lako, nā kaʻina hana a hiki i nā kikowaena.

Manaʻo kekahi poʻe loiloi ʻoihana e hoʻokūkū ana ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o Kina a me Kōlea Hema ma ka panela hōʻike holomua a me ke kaulahao ʻoihana panela hōʻike e hiki mai ana i kahi ʻano "match point" a puni OLED a me Micro LED.

"Mai hoʻolohe i nā makahiki 1.5 o ka ʻoihana Korea." ʻO kēia ka loiloi a kahi mea loea o ka ʻoihana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo ka manawa he ʻōlelo hoʻolaha no Korea Hema e hoʻoulu i ka lokahi kūloko. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohālikelike i ka pae huahana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia paha ʻo IT ma OLED, ʻo ka laina IT hanauna Samsung 8.6 he 1.5 mau makahiki ma mua o ka hana nui ʻana o ka laina IT hanauna BOE 8.6.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua nui loa ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka pono o Kōlea Hema i loko o ke kaulahao ʻoihana OLED no nā makahiki he nui. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā mea a me nā lako: no ka laʻana, ua hoʻoholo ka laina OLED B16 hanauna 8.6 hou loa a BOE e hoʻohana i nā lako mīkini hoʻoheheʻe Sunic System o Kōlea Hema. ʻO Idemitsu Kosan o Iapana, no ka laʻana, ke paipai nei i ka hoʻoili ʻana o kāna mau keʻena noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana (R&D) noi mea organik light-emitting diode (OLED) i Korea. ʻO Idemitsu kahi hui petrochemical a me nā mea hana ma Iapana, me ke kūʻai aku makahiki ma mua o 80 trillion won (ma kahi o 416 biliona yuan), a he ʻenehana OLED mua.

Ma ka ʻoihana OLED, ua like ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe me ka mīkini lithography ma ka mākeke semiconductor. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui Kepanī a me Kōlea wale nō ka mea hana iā lākou. Loaʻa iā Iapana a me Kōlea Hema ka laulima pili ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o OLED. Eia kekahi, ʻo Apple, ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai nui o nā panela OLED, ua makemake mau ʻo ia i nā huahana i hana ʻia me nā lako a me nā mea Kepanī.

Wahi a ka hōʻike a ka Korea Display Industry Association, ua piʻi ka nui o ka localization o nā mea maka OLED, nā ʻāpana a me nā lako i Korea mai 65% i ka makahiki 2019 a i 71.5% i kēia makahiki. I waena o lākou, ua piʻi ka nui o ka localization o nā ʻāpana hana OLED a me nā mea i Korea mai 60% i ka makahiki 2019 a i 70% i kēia makahiki; Ua piʻi ka nui o ka localization o 19 mau lako nui mai 70% a i 73%.

No laila, ʻo ka ʻoihana OLED alakaʻi ma Kōlea Hema ke alakaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa, a me ke kālepa alakaʻi a me ka laulima loea me Iapana a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻo ka wikiwiki o nā ʻoihana Kina e hopu ai, mamao loa ma hope o ka hiki ke hana i nā panela hōʻike.

ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pāʻani i ka "koi mākeke a me ka hoʻokūkū kumukūʻai, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pono unahi" ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻaelike o ka ʻoihana OLED o Kina i kēia pae. No ka laʻana, i ka hanauna hou o IT me ka laina hanauna 8.6, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o Samsung, BOE, i kau inoa koke nei i kahi memorandum o ka laulima me Hefei, ua ʻae e hoʻopukapuka i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka papahana laina hana OLED hanauna 8.6 ma Hefei, manaʻo ʻia ka huina kālā he 55 biliona yuan. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana paha ka papahana i ka ʻenehana "lithographic" i hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa ʻia e Vicigna, me nā holomua a me nā ʻokoʻa i ka hua, ke kumukūʻai a me ka hana hōʻike. I ka manawa like, ua ʻōlelo ka nūhou e hoʻolālā pū ana ʻo Tianma e hoʻopukapuka i ka papahana OLED hanauna 8, e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻolālā hoʻopukapuka i loko o ka makahiki.

Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe kuʻuna, ua lilo ʻo Huaxing Optoelectronics i alakaʻi honua i ke kaulahao ʻoihana o nā mea OLED i paʻi ʻia, nā lako a me nā kikowaena. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Zhao Jun, Luna Nui o TCL Huaxing, ma ke kahua o ka hōʻike OLED i paʻi ʻia i ka hanauna hou, ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana o TCL Huaxing ma ke kahua o ka hōʻike nui waena, e like me nā hōʻike kalepa, nā hōʻike e-sports, nā hōʻike puke noke, a me nā huahana ʻokoʻa e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kaʻa, a me ka mana ʻoihana. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Huaxing e hoʻolauna i kāna laina hoʻāʻo hana nui mua 5.5 laina hanauna i ka hapa lua o ka makahiki, ka pale paʻi OLED nui waena kalepa, a me ka pale mea kūʻai aku i ka makahiki aʻe.

Inā holo pono ka papahana paʻi OLED o Huaxing Optoelectronics, he manawa kūpono ia no ka ʻoihana hōʻike OLED o Kina e hoʻomaopopo i ka lawe ʻana i ke alahele mai nā mea hana a me nā lako a i ke kikowaena.

Ma ka hōʻike OLED, "ʻO nā pono o Kōlea Hema ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ikaika ke kaulahao ʻoihana uka, a me ka launa pū ʻana me Iapana a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa; ʻO ka pono o Kina, ʻo ia ka nui o ka pālākiō hoʻopukapuka hope loa, ikaika ke koi o ka mākeke, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke ala ʻenehana e kū mai ana e like me ka paʻi ʻana a me nā kiʻi lithography ..." ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono e ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pilikia bottleneck o ka ʻoihana OLED o Kina ma nā lako koʻikoʻi e like me nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana hōʻike e kū mai ana, he kiʻekiʻe nā manaʻolana o Micro LED. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo TrendForce Consulting i ka "2024 Micro LED Market Trend and Technology Cost Analysis Report" e wānana ana e piʻi aʻe ka waiwai o nā ʻāpana Micro LED ma ka mākeke hāmeʻa hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma 2022 a 2027 compound growth rate (CAGR) i 136%. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hōʻike micro LED i nā mākeke hōʻike pale nui o kaʻa, IT, TV kala a me ka ʻenekinia.

I kēia manawa, e like me ka loiloi pāpāho o waho, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka māhele honua o Kina no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako Micro LED ma mua o 70%. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻokō ka ʻoihana Kina i ka "kahe piha" mai nā huahana LED kuʻuna alakaʻi a hiki i ka hōʻike Micro LED e kū mai ana. I ka pane ʻana, ʻo ka pane a Korea Hema, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana kūloko a me ke kākoʻo kulekele, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hoʻonui i ka laulima me Iapana, ka ʻāina ʻo Kina Taiwan a me ʻEulopa a me nā kaulahao ʻoihana e pili ana iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. No ka laʻana, ua lawe nā huahana THE WALL o Samsung i ka ʻāina ʻo Kina Taiwan AU AM TFT a me ka ʻenehana hou 錼, nā chips LED Fucai a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke alakaʻi o OLED South Korea ma ke kaulahao holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pono o nā ʻoihana Kina a me nā ʻoihana ma Micro LED. ʻOi aku ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o nā kumuhana hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka ʻokoʻa o nā noi, loaʻa i ka ʻoihana Micro LED o Kina nā ʻano o ka pua. Manaʻo nā mea kūloko o ka ʻoihana ʻo ka hemahema nui o nā ʻoihana Korea i ka hoʻokūkū panela hōʻike ʻo ia ka "nui ʻole o nā kumuhana nui." Ma kēia ʻano, hilinaʻi ko mākou ʻāina i ka pono o ka "nui" a hoʻokumu i nā hana hui, hiki ke lanakila pinepine i ka hana mana ulu o ka "ikaika lele brick nui".

ʻOi loa aku i nā mea hana a me nā lako o Micro LED, e like me nā lako MOCVD, ua hoʻokumu ka hui i kahi laulā piha o nā huahana me nā kuleana waiwai kūʻokoʻa; ʻO ia ka mea hana alakaʻi honua o nā lako LED e pili ana i ka gallium nitride, me kahi māhele mākeke alakaʻi i ke kahua o Mini LED nā lako hana home nitride. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana o Micro LED, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Dazu Laser i ka hoʻoili nui micro-LED, ka hoʻopili nui micro-LED, ka hoʻoponopono micro-LED a me nā lako ʻē aʻe; Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā lako hana hoʻoili nui laser a me ka wehe ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i hoʻomohala ʻia e Maiwei lāua ʻo Tianma i loko o ka laina hana Tianma Micro LED, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e hoʻomālamalama ʻia nā huahana mua i kēia makahiki.

"Me ka ʻole o ka bottleneck o kekahi lako koʻikoʻi, e ʻoi aku ka kūʻokoʻa o ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana o Micro LED." ʻO kēia ka ʻoihana Micro LED ma Kina i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻoihana OLED ʻoi aku ka "pōmaikaʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi." ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka kālā o ka laina hanauna OLED 8.6, me Samsung a me Beijing Oriental ʻelua mau paionia, i hoʻopaʻa mua i ka mana hana o Iapana a me South Korea mīkini hoʻoheheʻe, LG, Vicino, Tianma a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻopukapuka kālā o nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, aia i lalo o nā palena "lako mīkini hoʻoheheʻe". ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā mea like i kēia manawa ma ka mākeke Micro LED, ʻo ia ke kumu e manaʻolana nei ka ʻoihana e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka ʻenehana hōʻike Micro LED.

Eia nō naʻe, no ka hoʻokūkū o ka hōʻikeʻike e hiki mai ana, ua kuhikuhi pū nā loea ʻoihana ʻaʻole kēia he kaua "hammer defeat". Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, a ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka ʻenehana e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o nā pono noi e hoʻolilo i ka hōʻikeʻike panela e hiki mai ana i kahi ʻano "multi-technology coexistence".

No ka laʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo TCL Huaxing Zhao Jun ma kēia ʻano, ʻo ka hōʻike OLED e hiki mai ana ma kahi kahua noi ākea, kahi hiki ke nui o ke ala ʻaʻohe ala e helu ai no 50% a ʻoi aku paha e like me nā kelepona paʻalima, hiki ke helu no 10%-20%, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 30%, ma hope o nā mea a pau, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai. No laila, i ka wā pōkole, e hoʻokūkū ke kaua panel Sino-Korean i ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻenehana LCD, OLED, a me Micro LED. Ma ke ʻano o LCD, ua hoʻokumu nā ʻoihana Kina i kahi pono piha, ke hoʻokō nei ʻo OLED i kahi wikiwiki o ka hopu ʻana, ʻo Micro LED ke alakaʻi manawa.