Kuchokera ku OLED kupita ku Micro LED: Nkhondo pakati pa China ndi South Korea yowonetsera m'badwo wotsatira ikhoza kulowa mu mphindi yamasewera

Deta yofufuza za kampani yofufuza za msika ya Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC) ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2023, malinga ndi malo owonetsera, gulu lowonetsera la South Korea linali ndi 10% yokha ya dziko lapansi, ndipo dziko la China linali ndi 67%. Makamaka mu ukadaulo watsopano wa OLED ndi ukadaulo wamtsogolo. Kachipangizo ka Micro LED, mphamvu ya South Korea ikuchepa pang'onopang'ono.

Lee Choong-hoon, mkulu wa UBI Research ku Korea, anati, "Ngati tiyang'ana pa chitukuko cha ukadaulo chokha, pali kusiyana kwa chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri (pakati pa Korea ndi China) pa chiwonetsero cha OLED." Mu Marichi chaka chino, Purezidenti wa Samsung Display Choi Ju-sun adatinso kusiyana kwa ukadaulo pakati pa opanga ma panel a OLED aku China ndi athu ndi pafupifupi chaka chimodzi mpaka 1.5. Malinga ndi zomwe Omdia adaneneratu, mu theka loyamba la 2024, kutumiza kwa OLED kopindika ku China kudzafika mayunitsi 6.4 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa 53% ya kutumiza padziko lonse lapansi - nthawi yoyamba kuti gulu lapamwamba ili lipite patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi.

Kumbali ina, mu ukadaulo wa Micro LED, makampani aku Korea nawonso akuda nkhawa. Kupatula apo, dera lalikulu la China pakadali pano ndi lomwe limapanga ma LED ambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso mafakitale. Makamaka poganizira za ukadaulo wapamwamba, silicon carbide ku United States, safiro ku Japan, monocrystalline silicon ku China ndi gallium nitride apanga njira yodziyimira payokha yaukadaulo. Nthawi yomweyo, mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa perovskite womwe ukubwera, makampani aku China nthawi zonse akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwanira komanso mphamvu zofufuzira.

Pachifukwa ichi, boma la South Korea posachedwapa laganiza zoyika ndalama zokwana 484 biliyoni (2.57 biliyoni yuan) m'zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuti lipange ukadaulo wowonetsa kuwala (iLED, Micro LED, ndi zina zotero) ndikupanga chilengedwe. Dongosololi limathandiza South Korea kumanga unyolo wa mafakitale "wodzidalira" kuyambira pa zipangizo, zida, njira mpaka malo ofikira.

Akatswiri ena amakampani amakhulupirira kuti mpikisano pakati pa China ndi South Korea mu gulu lapamwamba la zowonetsera ndi unyolo wamtsogolo wamakampani opanga zowonetsera ukupanga mawonekedwe a "match point" mozungulira OLED ndi Micro LED.

"Musamvere zaka 1.5 za mafakitale aku Korea." Uku ndi kuwunika kwa munthu wamkati mwa makampani. Iye anati nthawiyi inali ngati chiganizo chakuti South Korea ilimbikitse mgwirizano wamkati. Ngati mukufuna kuyerekeza mulingo wa malonda, mwina IT ikunena kuti pa OLED, mzere wa Samsung 8.6 IT ukhoza kukhala zaka 1.5 zisanachitike kupanga mzere wa BOE 8.6 IT.

Ndipotu, South Korea, yomwe ili mu unyolo wa mafakitale a OLED kwa zaka zambiri, ubwino wake ukadali waukulu. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pankhani ya zipangizo ndi zida: mwachitsanzo, mzere waposachedwa wa BOE wa 8.6-mibadwo OLED B16 wasankha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za makina otulutsa mpweya a Sunic System ku South Korea. Mwachitsanzo, Idemitsu Kosan waku Japan, akulimbikitsa kusamutsa madipatimenti ake onse ofufuza ndi chitukuko cha zinthu (R&D) ku Korea. Idemitsu ndi kampani yoyimira petrochemical ndi zipangizo ku Japan, yomwe imagulitsa ndalama zoposa 80 trillion won pachaka (pafupifupi 416 biliyoni yuan), ndipo ili ndi ukadaulo woyambirira wa OLED.

Mu makampani opanga ma OLED, makina oyeretsera mpweya ndi ofanana ndi makina oyeretsera mpweya omwe ali pamsika wa semiconductor. Pakadali pano, makampani aku Japan ndi aku Korea okha ndi omwe amapanga makinawa. Japan ndi South Korea ali ndi mgwirizano wapamtima ndi OLED. Kuphatikiza apo, Apple, monga kasitomala wamkulu wa ma panel a OLED, nthawi zonse yakhala imakonda zinthu zopangidwa ndi zida ndi zipangizo zaku Japan.

Malinga ndi lipoti la Korea Display Industry Association, kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zopangira OLED, zida ndi zida ku Korea kwakwera kuchoka pa 65% mu 2019 kufika pa 71.5% chaka chino. Pakati pa izi, kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zopangira OLED ku Korea kwakwera kuchoka pa 60% mu 2019 kufika pa 70% chaka chino; kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zazikulu 19 ku Korea kwakwera kuchoka pa 70% kufika pa 73%.

Chifukwa chake, makampani otsogola a OLED ku South Korea ndi omwe akutsogolera unyolo wonse wa mafakitale, komanso mgwirizano wamalonda ndiukadaulo ndi Japan ndi United States. Pachifukwa ichi, liwiro la mabizinesi aku China likufika, kutali kwambiri ndi mphamvu yopanga ma panelo owonetsera.

Poganizira za "kufunika kwa msika ndi mpikisano wa ndalama, kupangidwa kwa phindu lalikulu" ndi mgwirizano wa makampani aku China a OLED pagawo lino. Mwachitsanzo, m'badwo wotsatira wa IT wokhala ndi mzere wa 8.6, ndiko kuti, pambuyo poti Samsung, BOE, posachedwapa yasayina chikalata chogwirizana ndi Hefei, ndipo yavomereza kuyika ndalama pomanga pulojekiti ya mzere wa 8.6 wa OLED ku Hefei, ndalama zonse zomwe zayikidwa zikuyembekezeka kukhala ma yuan 55 biliyoni. Zikuyembekezeka kuti pulojekitiyi ingagwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wa "lithographic" wopangidwa payokha ndi Vicigna, ndi kupita patsogolo ndi kusiyana kwa zokolola, mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito owonetsera. Nthawi yomweyo, nkhaniyo inati Tianma ikukonzekeranso kuyika ndalama mu pulojekiti ya 8 ya OLED, ndipo ikuyembekezeka kudziwa dongosolo loyika ndalama mkati mwa chaka.

Kuwonjezera pa ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wotulutsa mpweya, Huaxing Optoelectronics yakhala mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi mu unyolo wa mafakitale wa zipangizo zosindikizidwa za OLED, zida ndi malo ofikira. Zhao Jun, CEO wa TCL Huaxing, adati pankhani yowonetsera OLED yosindikizidwa ya m'badwo wotsatira, cholinga cha TCL Huaxing ndikukweza chiwonetsero chapakati, monga zowonetsera zamalonda, zamasewera apakompyuta, zowonetsera zolemba, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga zamankhwala, magalimoto, ndi zowongolera mafakitale. Huaxing ikuyembekezeka kuyambitsa mzere wake woyamba woyesera kupanga mzere wa 5.5 m'gawo lachiwiri la chaka, chophimba chosindikizira chapakati cha OLED chamalonda, ndi chophimba cha ogula chaka chamawa.

Ngati pulojekiti yosindikiza ya OLED ya Huaxing Optoelectronics ipita bwino, idzakhala mwayi kwa makampani opanga zowonetsera za OLED ku China kuti akwaniritse njira yodutsa kuchokera ku zipangizo ndi zida kupita ku terminal.

Pa chiwonetsero cha OLED, "Ubwino wa South Korea ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu, unyolo wamakampani opita patsogolo ndi wamphamvu, komanso mgwirizano wapafupi ndi Japan ndi United States; Ubwino wa China ndikuti ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mochedwa ndi zazikulu, kufunikira kwa msika ndi kwakukulu, ndipo njira yatsopano yaukadaulo monga kusindikiza ndi zojambula za lithography ikugwira ntchito kwambiri..." Zachidziwikire, ziyeneranso kuwoneka kuti vuto la makampani aku China a OLED pazida zazikulu monga makina otulutsa mpweya silinathetsedwebe.

Monga ukadaulo watsopano wowonetsera, Micro LED ili ndi ziyembekezo zazikulu. TrendForce Consulting yatulutsa "2024 Micro LED Market Trend and Technology Cost Analysis Report" yomwe ikuneneratu kuti mtengo wa ma chips a Micro LED pamsika wa zida zovalidwa zokha mu 2022 mpaka 2027 compound growth rate (CAGR) udzakhala wokwera kufika pa 136%. Kuphatikiza apo, micro LED screen ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pamisika yamagalimoto, IT, color TV ndi engineering large-screen display.

Pakadali pano, malinga ndi kusanthula kwa atolankhani akunja, gawo la China padziko lonse lapansi pakugula zida za Micro LED ndi zoposa 70%. Tinganene kuti makampani aku China akukwaniritsa kusintha kwa "unyolo wonse" kuchokera kuzinthu zotsogola za LED kupita ku chiwonetsero chotsogola cha Micro LED. Poyankha, yankho la South Korea, kumbali imodzi, ndikuwonjezera chitukuko cha ukadaulo wamkati ndi chithandizo cha mfundo, kumbali ina, kuwonjezera mgwirizano ndi Japan, chigawo cha China ku Taiwan ndi maunyolo a mafakitale okhudzana ndi Europe ndi United States. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu za THE WALL za Samsung zidagwiritsa ntchito chigawo cha China ku Taiwan AU AM TFT ndi ukadaulo wa 錼 innovation, Fucai LED chips ndi zinthu zina.

Poyerekeza ndi kutsogola kwa OLED South Korea pa unyolo wonse, ubwino wa mabizinesi ndi mafakitale aku China mu Micro LED ndi wokulirapo. Makamaka poganizira kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amaika ndalama komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa ntchito, makampani aku China a Micro LED ali ndi makhalidwe oti amakula. Anthu amkati mwa makampani amakhulupirira kuti vuto lalikulu la makampani aku Korea pampikisano wa ma display panel ndi "kuchepa kwa anthu akuluakulu." Pachifukwa ichi, dziko lathu limadalira ubwino wa "voliyumu" ndikupanga ntchito zamagulu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kupambana chozizwitsa cha kukula kwa "kuthamanga kwa njerwa zazikulu".

Makamaka pa zipangizo ndi zida za Micro LED, monga zida za MOCVD, kampaniyo yapanga zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wa chidziwitso; Ndi kampani yotsogola padziko lonse yopanga zida za LED zochokera ku gallium nitride, yokhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika m'munda wa Mini LED Zipangizo za nitride zogwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Ponena za kuphatikiza kwa Micro LED, Dazu Laser yapanga micro-LED mass transfer, micro-LED mass welding, micro-LED repair ndi zida zina; Zipangizo za laser massive transfer & stripping & bonding zomwe zapangidwa ndi Maiwei ndi Tianma zayikidwa mu mzere wopanga wa Tianma Micro LED, ndipo zinthu zoyambirira zikuyembekezeka kuyatsidwa chaka chino.

"Popanda choletsa chilichonse chofunikira, kukula kwa Micro LED kudzakhala kodziyimira pawokha." Iyi ndi makampani a Micro LED ku China poyerekeza ndi makampani a OLED omwe ali ndi "phindu lalikulu kumbali imodzi." Ndipotu, ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mzere wa OLED 8.6, kuwonjezera pa Samsung ndi Beijing Oriental, zidayamba kulimbitsa mphamvu yopanga makina otulutsa mpweya ku Japan ndi South Korea, mapulani a LG, Vicino, Tianma ndi makampani ena, ali ndi zoletsa za "kuchuluka kwa makina otulutsa mpweya". Zinthu zofananazi sizikupezeka pamsika wa Micro LED pakadali pano, ndichifukwa chake makampaniwa ali ndi chiyembekezo chowonjezereka cha ukadaulo wowonetsera wa Micro LED.

Komabe, pofuna kupikisana ndi chiwonetsero chamtsogolo, akatswiri amakampani adanenanso kuti iyi si nkhondo ya "kugonjetsa nyundo". Kumbali imodzi, ukadaulo ukupitilizabe kupanga zatsopano ndikusintha, ndipo palibe amene angatsimikizire payekhapayekha kuti ndi ukadaulo uti womwe uli wamtsogolo. Kumbali ina, kusiyanasiyana kwa zosowa za pulogalamu kungapangitse chiwonetsero chamtsogolo kukhala "chogwirizana ndi ukadaulo wambiri".

Mwachitsanzo, TCL Huaxing Zhao Jun adati pankhani iyi, chiwonetsero cha OLED chamtsogolo m'munda waukulu wogwiritsira ntchito, kuthekera kwakukulu kopanda njira yowerengera 50% kapena kupitirira apo monga mafoni am'manja, kungakhale 10%-20%, osapitirira 30%, pambuyo pake, mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Chifukwa chake, posachedwa, nkhondo ya Sino-Korea pagulu idzapikisana pakuphatikiza ukadaulo wa LCD, OLED, ndi Micro LED. Ponena za LCD, makampani aku China akhazikitsa mwayi wokwanira, OLED ikupeza liwiro laling'ono la kulumikizidwa, Micro LED ikutsogolera kwakanthawi.