Site na OLED ruo na Micro LED: Agha dị n'etiti China na South Korea maka ngosipụta ọgbọ na-abịa nwere ike ịbanye n'oge egwuregwu

Nnyocha data nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ahịa Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC) gosiri na na 2023, dịka mpaghara ngosi si kwuo, panel ngosi nke South Korea bụ naanị 10% nke ụwa, ebe ala China bụ 67%. Karịsịa na teknụzụ na-apụta na OLED na teknụzụ n'ọdịnihu. Micro LED, Ọnụọgụ ndị kacha elu na South Korea na-ebelata nwayọ nwayọ.

Lee Choong-hoon, onyeisi UBI Research na Korea, kwuru, sị, "Ọ bụrụ na anyị eleba anya na mmepe teknụzụ naanị, enwere oghere dị n'etiti otu ruo afọ abụọ (n'etiti Korea na China) na ngosipụta OLED." Na Maachị afọ a, Onyeisi Samsung Display Choi Ju-sun kwukwara na oghere teknụzụ dị n'etiti ndị na-emepụta panel OLED nke China na nke anyị bụ ihe dị ka otu ruo afọ 1.5. Dịka amụma Omdia si kwuo, na ọkara mbụ nke 2024, mbupu OLED nke ala China ga-eru nde nkeji 6.4, nke ga-abụ 53% nke mbupu zuru ụwa ọnụ - nke mbụ nke ụdị elu a ga-eru oke òkè zuru ụwa ọnụ.

N'aka nke ọzọ, na teknụzụ Micro LED, ụlọ ọrụ Korea na-echegbukwa onwe ha. E kwuwerị, mpaghara China dị n'ime ala ugbu a bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta LED na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Karịsịa site n'echiche nke teknụzụ dị elu, silicon carbide na United States, sapphire na Japan, monocrystalline silicon na China na gallium nitride etolitela ụzọ teknụzụ dị n'onwe ha. N'otu oge ahụ, na nchọpụta na mmepe teknụzụ ihe onwunwe perovskite na-apụta, ụlọ ọrụ China anọgidewo na-etinye ego na ike nchọpụta zuru oke mgbe niile.

Maka nke a, gọọmentị South Korea kpebiri itinye ego ruru ijeri 484 (yuan ijeri 2.57) n'ime afọ asatọ iji mepụta teknụzụ na-emepụta ìhè na-adịghị ahụkebe (iLED, Micro LED, wdg) ma wuo gburugburu ebe obibi. Atụmatụ a na-enyere South Korea aka karịsịa iwulite usoro ụlọ ọrụ "nwere onwe ya" site na ihe, akụrụngwa, usoro ruo na ọdụ.

Ụfọdụ ndị na-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ kwenyere na asọmpi dị n'etiti China na South Korea na panel ngosi dị elu na usoro ụlọ ọrụ ngosi ihe ngosi n'ọdịnihu na-etolite usoro "isi ihe dakọtara" gbasara OLED na Micro LED.

"Egela ntị n'ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ Korea nke afọ 1.5." Nke a bụ nyocha nke otu onye nọ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. O kwuru na oge ahụ bụ ihe a na-akpọ South Korea iji kpalie ịdị n'otu dị n'ime. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịhazi ọkwa ngwaahịa ahụ, a na-ekwu na IT na OLED, Samsung 8.6 ọgbọ IT nwere ike ịdị afọ 1.5 tupu mmepụta BOE 8.6 ọgbọ IT.

N'ezie, South Korea n'ime usoro ụlọ ọrụ OLED ruo ọtụtụ afọ, mmepe nke uru ka dị ukwuu. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa n'akụkụ ihe na akụrụngwa: dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahịrị OLED B16 kachasị ọhụrụ nke BOE ekpebiela iji ngwa igwe Sunic System evaporation nke South Korea. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Idemitsu Kosan nke Japan na-akwalite mbufe nke ngalaba nyocha na mmepe ihe onwunwe (R&D) organic ya niile na Korea. Idemitsu bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-anọchite anya petrochemical na ihe na Japan, na-ere kwa afọ ihe karịrị trillion won (ihe dị ka ijeri yuan 416), ma nwee teknụzụ OLED mbụ.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ OLED, igwe ikuku na-amịpụta ihe nhata ya na igwe lithography dị n'ahịa semiconductor. Ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ Japan na Korea na-emepụta ha. Japan na South Korea nwere mmekorita chiri anya na OLED. Na mgbakwunye, Apple, dịka nnukwu onye ahịa OLED panels, na-ahọrọ ngwaahịa ejiri ngwa na ihe ndị Japan mee.

Dịka akụkọ Korea Display Industry Association si kwuo, ọnụego ihe eji emepụta OLED, akụkụ na akụrụngwa dị na Korea rịrị elu site na 65% na 2019 ruo 71.5% n'afọ a. N'ime ha, ọnụego ihe eji emepụta OLED na ihe ndị dị na Korea rịrị elu site na 60% na 2019 ruo 70% n'afọ a; Ọnụego ebe eji emepụta OLED dị na Korea rịrị elu site na 70% ruo 73%.

Ya mere, ụlọ ọrụ OLED kachasị elu na South Korea bụ ndị isi n'usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe niile, yana mmekorita azụmaahịa na teknụzụ kachasị elu na Japan na United States. N'akụkụ a, ọsọ ụlọ ọrụ China na-erute, nke dị nnọọ n'azụ ikike mmepụta panel ngosi.

Iji mee ka "ọchịchọ ahịa na asọmpi ọnụ ahịa, ịmepụta uru nha" bụkwa nkwenye nke ụlọ ọrụ OLED nke China n'oge a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ọgbọ IT na-esote nke nwere usoro ọgbọ 8.6, ya bụ, mgbe Samsung, BOE, bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na Hefei, kwetara itinye ego na owuwu nke ọrụ mmepụta OLED ọgbọ 8.6 na Hefei, a na-atụ anya na ego niile a ga-etinye ga-abụ ijeri yuan 55. A na-atụ anya na ọrụ ahụ ga-eji teknụzụ "lithographic" nke Vicigna mepụtara n'onwe ya, yana ihe ịga nke ọma na ọdịiche dị na mmepụta, ọnụ ahịa na arụmọrụ ngosi. N'otu oge ahụ, akụkọ ahụ kwuru na Tianma na-emekwa atụmatụ itinye ego na ọrụ OLED nke ọgbọ nke asatọ, a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-ekpebi atụmatụ itinye ego n'ime afọ ahụ.

Na mgbakwunye na teknụzụ e ji ekpochapụ ihe ochie, Huaxing Optoelectronics abụrụla onye ndu zuru ụwa ọnụ n'usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ihe OLED e biri ebi, akụrụngwa na ọdụ. Zhao Jun, onye isi oche nke TCL Huaxing, kwuru na n'ọhịa nke ngosipụta OLED e biri ebi nke ọgbọ na-abịa, mgbasa ozi TCL Huaxing lekwasịrị anya n'ọhịa nke ngosipụta nha ọkara, dị ka azụmahịa, ngosipụta egwuregwu eletrọniki, ngosipụta akwụkwọ ndetu, yana ngwaahịa dị iche iche dị ka ahụike, ụgbọ ala, na njikwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. A na-atụ anya na Huaxing ga-amalite usoro nnwale mmepụta nke mbụ ya nke ọgbọ 5.5 na ọkara nke abụọ nke afọ, ihuenyo mbipụta OLED nke ọkara azụmaahịa, na ihuenyo ndị ahịa n'afọ na-abịa.

Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ mbipụta OLED nke Huaxing Optoelectronics agaa nke ọma, ọ ga-abụ ohere maka ụlọ ọrụ ngosi OLED nke China iji hụ na ụzọ gafere site na ihe na akụrụngwa ruo na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

N'ihe ngosi OLED, "Uru South Korea bụ mkpokọta, usoro ụlọ ọrụ dị elu siri ike, yana mmekorita chiri anya na Japan na United States; Uru China bụ na ọnụọgụ itinye ego na-abịa n'oge na-adịghị anya buru ibu, ọchịchọ ahịa siri ike, ụzọ teknụzụ na-apụta dịka mbipụta na eserese lithography na-arụ ọrụ karịa..." N'ezie, a kwesịkwara ịhụ na nsogbu mgbochi nke ụlọ ọrụ OLED nke China na akụrụngwa isi dịka igwe ikuku ka ga-edozi.

Dịka teknụzụ ngosipụta na-apụta, Micro LED nwere atụmanya dị elu. TrendForce Consulting wepụtara "Akụkọ Nyocha Ọnụ Ahịa Micro LED 2024" na-ebu amụma na uru mmepụta nke chips Micro LED na ahịa ngwaọrụ a na-eyi naanị na 2022 ruo 2027 compound growth rate (CAGR) ga-adị elu ruo 136%. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike itinye ngosipụta micro LED na ahịa ngosipụta ụgbọala, IT, TV agba na injinia nnukwu ihuenyo.

Ugbu a, dịka nyocha mgbasa ozi si mba ofesi si kwuo, òkè China zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ịzụta ngwa Micro LED karịrị 70%. Enwere ike ikwu na ụlọ ọrụ China na-emezu "usoro zuru oke" site na ngwaahịa LED ọdịnala kachasị elu ruo na ngosipụta Micro LED kachasị ọhụrụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, nzaghachi South Korea bụ ịbawanye mmepe teknụzụ na nkwado amụma, n'aka nke ọzọ, iji mee ka mmekorita ya na Japan, mpaghara Taiwan nke China na Europe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe metụtara United States dịkwuo mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngwaahịa THE WALL nke Samsung nakweere mpaghara Taiwan nke China AU AM TFT na 錼 teknụzụ ọhụrụ, chips LED Fucai na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.

Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị isi nke OLED South Korea n'usoro a, uru nke ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ China na Micro LED dị ukwuu. Karịsịa n'ịtụle ọnụọgụgụ ndị na-etinye ego na ọtụtụ ngwa, ụlọ ọrụ Micro LED nke China nwere njirimara nke itolite. Ndị nọ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ kwenyere na nnukwu ọghọm nke ụlọ ọrụ Korea na asọmpi panel ngosi bụ "ọnụọgụ zuru oke nke ndị nwere nnukwu ihe." N'akụkụ a, mba anyị na-adabere na uru nke "olu" ma na-emepụta ọrụ otu, nke nwere ike imeri ọrụ ebube nke "ịmanye nnukwu brik na-efe efe".

Karịsịa n'ihe ndị dị n'elu na akụrụngwa nke Micro LED, dịka akụrụngwa MOCVD, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ emepụtala ọtụtụ ngwaahịa nwere ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi nke onwe ha; Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta ngwa LED nke gallium nitride kacha elu n'ụwa, yana òkè ahịa kachasị na ngalaba nke Obere Led Ngwa eji eme ihe n'ụlọ na nitride. Banyere njikọta Micro LED, Dazu Laser emepụtala micro-LED mass transfer, micro-LED mass welding, micro-LED repair na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ; E tinyela nnukwu ngwa nnyefe na mwepụ na njikọta laser nke Maiwei na Tianma mepụtara n'usoro mmepụta Tianma Micro LED, a na-atụkwa anya na ngwaahịa mbụ ga-enwu n'afọ a.

"Na-enweghị nsogbu nke ngwa ọrụ ọ bụla dị mkpa, uto ụlọ ọrụ nke Micro LED ga-aka mma." Nke a bụ ụlọ ọrụ Micro LED na China ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụlọ ọrụ OLED karịa "uru n'otu aka." N'ezie, itinye ego nke usoro mmepụta OLED 8.6, tinyere Samsung na Beijing Oriental abụọ bụ ndị mbụ guzobere ikike mmepụta nke igwe evaporation Japan na South Korea, LG, Vicino, Tianma na atụmatụ itinye ego nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, dabere na mmachi "inye igwe evaporation". Ihe ndị yiri ya adịghị ugbu a na ahịa Micro LED, ọ bụ ya mere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ji enwe olileanya maka mmegharị ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ ngosipụta Micro LED.

Agbanyeghị, maka asọmpi nke ngosipụta ọdịnihu, ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ kwukwara na nke a abụghị agha "mgbaji hammer". N'otu aka, teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ ma na-akawanye mma, ọ dịghịkwa onye nwere ike ikwe nkwa teknụzụ nke ga-abụ nke ọdịnihu. N'aka nke ọzọ, ụdịdị nke mkpa ngwa nwere ike ime ka ngosipụta panel n'ọdịnihu bụrụ usoro "ndụkọta ọtụtụ teknụzụ".

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, TCL Huaxing Zhao Jun kwuru na n'akụkụ a, ngosipụta OLED n'ọdịnihu n'ọhịa ngwa sara mbara, nnukwu ohere nke enweghị ụzọ isi kọwaa 50% ma ọ bụ karịa dị ka ekwentị mkpanaaka, nwere ike ịbụ 10%-20%, ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 30%, e kwuwerị, ọnụ ahịa ya dị elu. Ya mere, n'oge na-adịghị anya, agha panel Sino-Korea ga-asọmpi na njikọta nke teknụzụ LCD, OLED, na Micro LED. N'ihe gbasara LCD, ụlọ ọrụ China eguzobewo uru zuru oke, OLED na-enweta obere ọsọ nke ijide, Micro LED na-eduga nwa oge.