Kusukela ku-OLED kuya ku-Micro LED: Impi phakathi kweShayina neNingizimu Korea yokubonisa isizukulwane esilandelayo ingangena esikhathini somdlalo

Idatha yocwaningo lwenkampani yocwaningo lwemakethe i-Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC) ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2023, ngokwendawo yokubonisa, iphaneli yokubonisa yaseNingizimu Korea yayine-10% kuphela yomhlaba, kanti izwekazi laseShayina laline-67%. Ikakhulukazi kubuchwepheshe obusha be-OLED kanye nobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo. I-Micro LED, umthelela ophambili weNingizimu Korea uyancipha kancane kancane.

ULee Choong-hoon, inhloko ye-UBI Research eKorea, uthe, "Uma sibheka ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuphela, kukhona igebe lonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili (phakathi kweKorea neShayina) ekubonisweni kwe-OLED." NgoMashi kulo nyaka, uMongameli we-Samsung Display uChoi Ju-sun uphinde wathi igebe lobuchwepheshe phakathi kwabakhiqizi bamaphaneli e-OLED aseShayina kanye nowethu cishe liwunyaka owodwa kuya ku-1.5. Ngokusho kwesibikezelo sika-Omdia, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2024, ukuthunyelwa kwe-OLED okugoqekayo kwezwekazi laseShayina kuzofinyelela amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-6.4, okubalwa u-53% wokuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke - okokuqala lesi sigaba sezinga eliphezulu siphezulu emhlabeni wonke.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubuchwepheshe be-Micro LED, imboni yaseKorea nayo ikhathazekile. Phela, isifunda saseShayina esiyinhloko njengamanje siyisisekelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza i-LED kanye ne-industrial chain. Ikakhulukazi ngokombono wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, i-silicon carbide e-United States, i-sapphire eJapane, i-monocrystalline silicon eShayina kanye ne-gallium nitride zakhe umzila wobuchwepheshe obuzimele oyinhloko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo ze-perovskite, imboni yaseShayina ibilokhu igcina ukutshalwa kwezimali okwanele kanye nomfutho wokuhlola.

Ngenxa yalokhu, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea muva nje uthathe isinqumo sokutshala imali engu-484 billion won (2.57 billion yuan) eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa ukukhanya okukhipha ukukhanya (iLED, Micro LED, njll.) nokwakha i-ecosystem. Lolu hlelo lusiza kakhulu iNingizimu Korea ukwakha uchungechunge lwezimboni "oluzimele" kusukela ezintweni zokwakha, imishini, izinqubo kuya kuma-terminals.

Abanye abahlaziyi bemboni bakholelwa ukuthi ukuncintisana phakathi kweShayina neNingizimu Korea kuphaneli yokubonisa ethuthukisiwe kanye nochungechunge lwemboni yephaneli yokubonisa yesikhathi esizayo kwakha iphethini "yokufanisa" ezungeze i-OLED kanye ne-Micro LED.

"Ungalaleli iminyaka eyi-1.5 yemboni yaseKorea." Lokhu ukuhlolwa komuntu ongaphakathi embonini. Uthe isikhathi sasifana kakhulu nesiqubulo sokuthi iNingizimu Korea ikhuthaze ubunye bangaphakathi. Uma ufuna ukulinganisa izinga lomkhiqizo, kungenzeka ukuthi i-IT kuthiwa ku-OLED, umugqa we-IT wesizukulwane se-Samsung 8.6 ungase ube ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-1.5 kunomkhiqizo we-IT wesizukulwane se-BOE 8.6.

Eqinisweni, iNingizimu Korea iseseyinkampani ye-OLED iminyaka eminingi, ukwakheka kwenzuzo kusekukhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lwezinto zokwakha kanye nemishini: isibonelo, umugqa wakamuva we-BOE wesizukulwane esingu-8.6 we-OLED B16 unqume ukusebenzisa imishini yomshini wokuhwamuka we-Sunic System yaseNingizimu Korea. I-Idemitsu Kosan yaseJapan, isibonelo, ikhuthaza ukudluliselwa kwayo yonke iminyango yayo yocwaningo lwesicelo sezinto zokwakha kanye nokuthuthukiswa (R&D) eKorea. I-Idemitsu iyinkampani emele i-petrochemical kanye nezinto zokwakha eJapane, enokuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke okungaphezu kwama-won ayizigidigidi ezingama-80 (cishe ama-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingama-416), futhi inobuchwepheshe bokuqala be-OLED.

Embonini ye-OLED, umshini wokuhwamuka ulingana nomshini we-lithography emakethe ye-semiconductor. Njengamanje, izinkampani zaseJapan naseKorea kuphela ezenza lokhu. IJapan neNingizimu Korea zinokubambisana okuseduze emkhakheni we-OLED. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Apple, njengekhasimende elikhulu lekhwalithi ephezulu lamaphaneli e-OLED, ibilokhu ikhetha imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngemishini nezinto zaseJapan.

Ngokusho kombiko we-Korea Display Industry Association, izinga lokufakwa kwendawo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-OLED eKorea lenyuke lisuka ku-65% ngo-2019 laya ku-71.5% kulo nyaka. Phakathi kwazo, izinga lokufakwa kwendawo kwezingxenye ze-OLED eKorea lenyuke lisuka ku-60% ngo-2019 laya ku-70% kulo nyaka; Izinga lokufakwa kwendawo kwemishini emikhulu engu-19 lenyuke lisuka ku-70% laya ku-73%.

Ngakho-ke, imboni ehamba phambili ye-OLED eNingizimu Korea iyona ehamba phambili kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, kanye nokubambisana okuhamba phambili kwezohwebo kanye nobuchwepheshe neJapane ne-United States. Kulokhu, ijubane lamabhizinisi aseShayina lizofika, lisemuva kakhulu kwamandla okukhiqiza amaphaneli okubonisa.

Ukunikeza ukudlala "kwesidingo semakethe kanye nokuncintisana kwezindleko, ukwakheka kwenzuzo yesikali" nakho kuyisivumelwano semboni ye-OLED yaseShayina kulesi sigaba. Isibonelo, esizukulwaneni esilandelayo se-IT ngomugqa wesizukulwane esingu-8.6, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuba i-Samsung, i-BOE, esanda kusayina isivumelwano sokubambisana ne-Hefei, ivumile ukutshala imali ekwakhiweni kwephrojekthi yomugqa wokukhiqiza we-OLED wesizukulwane esingu-8.6 eHefei, utshalomali oluphelele kulindeleke ukuthi lube yi-yuan eyizigidigidi ezingama-55. Kulindeleke ukuthi iphrojekthi cishe izosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe "be-lithographic" obuthuthukiswe ngokuzimela yi-Vicigna, kanye nokuphumelela kanye nomehluko ekuvuneni, izindleko kanye nokusebenza kokubonisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindaba zithi i-Tianma ihlela nokutshala imali kuphrojekthi yesizukulwane sesi-8 se-OLED, kulindeleke ukuthi inqume uhlelo lokutshala imali phakathi nonyaka.

Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokuhwamuka, i-Huaxing Optoelectronics isibe ngumholi womhlaba wonke ochungechungeni lwezimboni lwezinto ze-OLED eziphrintiwe, imishini kanye nama-terminal. UZhao Jun, i-CEO ye-TCL Huaxing, uthe emkhakheni wokuboniswa kwe-OLED okuphrintiwe kwesizukulwane esilandelayo, ukugxila kokukhuthazwa kwe-TCL Huaxing kusemkhakheni wokuboniswa kosayizi ophakathi, njengezibonisi zezentengiselwano, ze-e-sports, izibonisi zamanothi, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukene njengezokwelapha, izimoto, kanye nokulawulwa kwezimboni. I-Huaxing kulindeleke ukuthi yethule umugqa wayo wokuqala wokuhlola umugqa wokukhiqiza ngobuningi ongu-5.5 engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, isikrini sokuphrinta se-OLED sosayizi ophakathi sokuhweba, kanye nesikrini sabathengi ngonyaka ozayo.

Uma iphrojekthi yokunyathelisa i-OLED ye-Huaxing Optoelectronics ihamba kahle, kuzoba yithuba embonini yokubonisa i-OLED yaseShayina ukudlula umzila kusukela ezintweni zokwakha kanye nemishini kuya endaweni yokugcina izinto.

Esibukweni se-OLED, "Izinzuzo zeNingizimu Korea ukuqongelela, uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphezulu luqinile, kanye nokubambisana okuseduze neJapan ne-United States; Inzuzo yeShayina ukuthi izinga lokutshalwa kwezimali sekwephuzile likhulu, isidingo semakethe sinamandla, kanye nendlela yobuchwepheshe obusha njengezithombe zokunyathelisa kanye ne-lithography isebenza kakhulu..." Yiqiniso, kufanele futhi kubonakale ukuthi inkinga yenkinga yemboni ye-OLED yaseShayina ngemishini eyinhloko njengemishini yokuhwamuka isazoxazululwa.

Njengobuchwepheshe bokubonisa obusha, i-Micro LED inamathemba aphezulu. I-TrendForce Consulting ikhiphe i-"2024 Micro LED Market Trend and Technology Cost Analysis Report" ebikezela ukuthi inani lokukhipha ama-chip e-Micro LED emakethe yamadivayisi agqokwayo kuphela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2027 izinga lokukhula kwe-compound (CAGR) lizoba phezulu njengo-136%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibonisi se-micro LED singasetshenziswa nasezimakethe zezibonisi zezimoto, i-IT, i-TV yombala kanye nobunjiniyela.

Njengamanje, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwabezindaba baphesheya kwezilwandle, isabelo somhlaba wonke saseShayina sokuthengwa kwemishini ye-Micro LED singaphezu kuka-70%. Kungashiwo ukuthi imboni yaseShayina iqaphela ukuphindaphinda "kweketanga eligcwele" kusukela emikhiqizweni yendabuko ehamba phambili ye-LED kuya ekubonisweni kwe-Micro LED okuhamba phambili okuvela phambili. Ukuphendula, impendulo yeNingizimu Korea, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwandisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe basekhaya kanye nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwandisa ukubambisana neJapan, isifunda saseTaiwan saseShayina kanye ne-Europe kanye ne-United States. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo ye-THE WALL ye-Samsung yamukele isifunda saseTaiwan saseShayina i-AU AM TFT kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusungula izinto ezintsha, ama-chips e-Fucai LED neminye imikhiqizo.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhola kwe-OLED South Korea kulo lonke uchungechunge, izinzuzo zamabhizinisi nezimboni zaseShayina ku-Micro LED zinkulu kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa inani lezihloko zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezicelo, imboni ye-Micro LED yaseShayina inezici zokuqhakaza. Abantu abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi inkinga enkulu yezinkampani zaseKorea emncintiswaneni wephaneli yokubonisa "inani elanele lezihloko ezinkulu." Kulokhu, izwe lethu lithembele enzuzweni "yomthamo" futhi lakha imisebenzi yamaqembu, evame ukuwina isimangaliso sokukhula "sokuphoqa ukundiza okukhulu kwezitini".

Ikakhulukazi ezintweni zokwakha kanye nemishini ye-Micro LED, njengemishini ye-MOCVD, inkampani yakhe uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo enamalungelo obunikazi obuzimele; Ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni wemishini ye-LED esekelwe ku-gallium nitride, enesabelo semakethe esihamba phambili emkhakheni we I-Mini LED imishini yasekhaya ye-nitride. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Micro LED, i-Dazu Laser ithuthukise ukudluliselwa kwe-micro-LED mass, ukushisela kwe-micro-LED mass, ukulungiswa kwe-micro-LED kanye neminye imishini; Imishini yokudlulisa nokukhipha nokubopha ye-laser massive transfer & stripping & bonding eyenziwe yi-Maiwei ne-Tianma ifakwe emgqeni wokukhiqiza we-Tianma Micro LED, futhi imikhiqizo yokuqala kulindeleke ukuthi ikhanyiswe kulo nyaka.

"Ngaphandle kwemingcele yanoma yimiphi imishini ebalulekile, ukukhula kwemboni ye-Micro LED kuzoba okuzimela kakhulu." Lena yimboni ye-Micro LED eShayina uma iqhathaniswa nemboni ye-OLED "inzuzo enkulu ngakolunye uhlangothi." Eqinisweni, ukutshalwa kwezimali komugqa wesizukulwane se-OLED 8.6, ngaphezu kwamaphayona amabili e-Samsung ne-Beijing Oriental, kwaqala ukuqinisa amandla okukhiqiza umshini wokuhwamuka waseJapan naseNingizimu Korea, izinhlelo zokutshala izimali ze-LG, Vicino, Tianma nezinye izinkampani, zingaphansi kwemingcele "yokunikezwa komshini wokuhwamuka". Izinto ezifanayo azikho emakethe ye-Micro LED okwamanje, yingakho imboni inethemba ngokuphindaphinda okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokubonisa be-Micro LED.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuncintisana kwesibonisi sesikhathi esizayo, ochwepheshe bemboni baveze nokuthi lokhu akuyona impi "yokunqotshwa ngesando". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuthuthuka, futhi akekho ongaqinisekisa ngazwi linye ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bungobesikhathi esizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlukahluka kwezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza kungenza isibonisi sephaneli yesikhathi esizayo sihlale siyiphethini "yokuhlala ndawonye kobuchwepheshe obuningi".

Isibonelo, i-TCL Huaxing Zhao Jun ithe kulokhu, isibonisi se-OLED sesikhathi esizayo ensimini yohlelo lokusebenza ebanzi, amathuba amakhulu okungabi nandlela yokubala u-50% noma ngaphezulu njengamaselula, angase abe ngu-10%-20%, hhayi ngaphezu kuka-30%, phela, izindleko ziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esifushane, impi yamaphaneli aseSino-Korea izoncintisana ekuhlanganisweni kobuchwepheshe be-LCD, OLED, kanye ne-Micro LED. Ngokuphathelene ne-LCD, amabhizinisi aseShayina asungule inzuzo ephelele, i-OLED ifinyelela ijubane elincane kakhulu lokubamba, i-Micro LED ihola okwesikhashana.