Kuva kuri OLED kugera kuri Micro LED: Intambara hagati y'Ubushinwa na Koreya y'Epfo ku izamu ry'iki gihe ishobora kwinjira mu gihe cy'umukino

Amakuru y’ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry’ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku isoko cyitwa Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC) agaragaza ko mu 2023, hakurikijwe agace k’aho bamurikiraga, agace k’aho bamurikiraga ko muri Koreya y’Epfo kari gafite 10% gusa by’isi, naho mu Bushinwa ku mugabane wa 67%. Cyane cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rishya rya OLED n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ejo hazaza. Utudirishya duto twa Led, imbaraga za mbere za Koreya y'Epfo zigenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro.

Lee Choong-hoon, umuyobozi w’ubushakashatsi bwa UBI muri Koreya, yagize ati: “Nitureba iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga gusa, hari intera y’umwaka umwe kugeza kuri ibiri (hagati ya Koreya n’Ubushinwa) muri ecran ya OLED.” Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, Perezida wa Samsung Display, Choi Ju-sun, yavuze kandi ko intera y’ikoranabuhanga hagati y’inganda za OLED zo mu Bushinwa n’izacu ari hafi umwaka umwe kugeza kuri 1.5. Nk’uko byahanuwe na Omdia, mu gice cya mbere cya 2024, kohereza OLED mu Bushinwa bizagera kuri miliyoni 6.4, bingana na 53% by’ibyoherezwa ku isi - ku nshuro ya mbere iki cyiciro cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru kiza ku isonga ku isi.

Ku rundi ruhande, mu ikoranabuhanga rya Micro LED, inganda zo muri Koreya nazo zirahangayikishijwe. N'ubundi kandi, akarere k'Ubushinwa ku mugabane w'Ubushinwa ni ko gafite urwego runini ku isi mu gukora no gukwirakwiza LED. Cyane cyane ukurikije ikoranabuhanga ryo hejuru, silicon carbide muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, safiro mu Buyapani, monocrystalline silicon mu Bushinwa na gallium nitride byashinze inzira y'ikoranabuhanga ryigenga. Muri icyo gihe, mu bushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya perovskite, inganda zo mu Bushinwa zakomeje gushora imari n'ubushakashatsi bihagije.

Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, guverinoma ya Koreya y'Epfo iherutse gufata icyemezo cyo gushora miliyari 484 z'ama-won (miliyari 2.57 z'ama-yuan) mu myaka umunani kugira ngo iteze imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo kwerekana urumuri rudakoresha ikoranabuhanga (iLED, Micro LED, n'ibindi) no kubaka urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Iyi gahunda ifasha cyane cyane Koreya y'Epfo kubaka urusobe rw'inganda "zihagije" kuva ku bikoresho, ibikoresho, inzira kugeza ku byuma bitanga umuriro.

Bamwe mu basesenguzi b’inganda bemeza ko irushanwa hagati y’Ubushinwa na Koreya y’Epfo mu igenamigambi rigezweho ry’ibyerekanwa n’uruhererekane rw’inganda z’igaragaza ry’ibyerekanwa ririmo gukora icyitegererezo cy’ “aho bihurira” gikikije OLED na Micro LED.

"Ntimugatege amatwi imyaka 1.5 y'inganda zo muri Koreya." Iki ni isuzuma ry'umuntu uri mu nganda. Yavuze ko igihe cyari nk'intego ya Koreya y'Epfo yo gushishikariza ubumwe bw'imbere mu gihugu. Niba ushaka gupima urwego rw'ibicuruzwa, IT ishobora kuvugwa ko kuri OLED, umurongo wa IT wa Samsung 8.6 ushobora kuba mbere y'imyaka 1.5 ugereranije n'umusaruro w'umurongo wa IT wa BOE 8.6.

Mu by’ukuri, Koreya y’Epfo mu ruhererekane rw’inganda za OLED imaze imyaka myinshi, inyungu iracyari nini cyane. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane ku mpande z’ibikoresho n’ibikoresho: urugero, umurongo wa OLED B16 uheruka wa BOE w’ibisekuruza 8.6 wahisemo gukoresha ibikoresho bya Sunic System evaporation machine ya Koreya y’Epfo. Urugero, Idemitsu Kosan yo mu Buyapani, irimo guteza imbere kohereza amashami yayo yose y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho bya organic-emitting diode (OLED) muri Koreya. Idemitsu ni sosiyete ihagarariye peteroli n’ibikoresho mu Buyapani, ifite amadorari arenga tiriyari 80 ku mwaka (hafi miliyari 416 z’amayuan), kandi ifite ikoranabuhanga rya OLED ry’umwimerere.

Mu nganda za OLED, imashini ikoresha evaporation ingana n’imashini ikoresha lithography ku isoko rya semiconductor. Kuri ubu, amasosiyete y’Abayapani na Koreya ni yo yonyine abikora. Ubuyapani na Koreya y’Epfo bifitanye ubufatanye bwa hafi muri OLED. Byongeye kandi, Apple, nk’umukiriya ukomeye w’ibice bya OLED, yakunze cyane ibikoresho bikozwe mu bikoresho n’ibikoresho by’Abayapani.

Nk’uko raporo y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za Korea ibivuga, igipimo cyo gushyira ibikoresho fatizo bya OLED mu gace ka Koreya cyazamutse kuva kuri 65% mu 2019 kigera kuri 71.5% uyu mwaka. Muri byo, igipimo cyo gushyira ibikoresho fatizo bya OLED mu gace ka Koreya cyazamutse kuva kuri 60% mu 2019 kigera kuri 70% uyu mwaka; igipimo cyo gushyira ibikoresho 19 mu gace ka Koreya cyazamutse kuva kuri 70% kigera kuri 73%.

Kubwibyo, inganda za OLED zikomeye muri Koreya y'Epfo ni zo ziyoboye uruhererekane rw'inganda zose, ndetse n'ubufatanye bukomeye mu bucuruzi n'ikoranabuhanga n'Ubuyapani na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Muri urwo rwego, umuvuduko w'ibigo by'Abashinwa ukomeje kwiyongera, inyuma cyane y'ubushobozi bwo gukora ecran panel.

Guha agaciro "igikenewe ku isoko no guhangana n'ibiciro, gushyiraho inyungu ku gipimo" ni nabyo byumvikanyweho n'inganda za OLED zo mu Bushinwa muri iki cyiciro. Urugero, mu gisekuru gitaha cy'ikoranabuhanga hamwe n'umurongo wa 8.6, ni ukuvuga nyuma y'uko Samsung, BOE, iherutse gusinya amasezerano y'ubufatanye na Hefei, yemeye gushora imari mu iyubakwa ry'umushinga w'umurongo wa 8.6 wo gukora OLED muri Hefei, ishoramari ryose ryitezwe kuba miliyari 55 z'amayuani. Biteganijwe ko umushinga ushobora gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "lithographic" ryakozwe na Vicigna ku giti cye, hamwe n'iterambere n'itandukaniro mu musaruro, ikiguzi n'imikorere yo kwerekana. Muri icyo gihe, amakuru yavugaga ko Tianma iteganya no gushora imari mu mushinga wa 8 wa OLED, biteganijwe ko uzagena gahunda y'ishoramari mu mwaka utaha.

Uretse ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gusohora amazi, Huaxing Optoelectronics yabaye umuyobozi ku isi mu ruhererekane rw'inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya OLED byacapwe, ibikoresho na terminals. Zhao Jun, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa TCL Huaxing, yavuze ko mu rwego rwo kwerekana OLED byacapwe mu gihe kizaza, kwamamaza kwa TCL Huaxing kwibanda ku bijyanye no kwerekana ingano iciriritse, nko kwerekana imikino y'ubucuruzi, kwerekana imikino yo kuri interineti, kwerekana intoki, ndetse n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nko kugenzura ubuvuzi, imodoka, n'inganda. Biteganijwe ko Huaxing izatangiza umurongo wayo wa mbere w'igerageza ryo gukora umurongo wa 5.5 mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka, ecran y'ubucuruzi yo gucapa OLED, na ecran y'abaguzi umwaka utaha.

Niba umushinga wo gucapa OLED wa Huaxing Optoelectronics ugenze neza, bizaba ari amahirwe ku nganda zo mu Bushinwa zikora ecran ya OLED yo kunyura mu nzira kuva ku bikoresho n'ibikoresho kugera kuri terminal.

Ku imurikagurisha rya OLED, "Ibyiza bya Koreya y'Epfo ni ukwiyongera, uruhererekane rw'inganda zo hejuru rurakomeye, n'ubufatanye bwa hafi n'Ubuyapani na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika; Ibyiza by'Ubushinwa ni uko ishoramari ryatinze ari rinini, icyifuzo cy'isoko kiri hejuru, kandi inzira nshya y'ikoranabuhanga nko gucapa no gushushanya irakora cyane..." Birumvikana ko bikwiye kandi kugaragara ko ikibazo cy'inganda za OLED zo mu Bushinwa ku bikoresho by'ingenzi nka za mashini zikoresha umwuka ushyushye kikiri ngombwa gukemurwa.

Nk'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kwerekana amashusho, Micro LED ifite ibyitezweho byinshi. TrendForce Consulting yasohoye "Raporo yo gusesengura ibiciro by'ibiciro bya Micro LED ku isoko ry'ibikoresho byambarwa byonyine muri 2022 kugeza 2027 (CAGR) izaba iri hejuru ya 136%. Byongeye kandi, ecran ya micro LED ishobora no gukoreshwa ku masoko y'imodoka, ikoranabuhanga, televiziyo y'amabara n'iy'ubuhanga.

Kuri ubu, nk'uko isesengura ry'itangazamakuru ryo mu mahanga ribigaragaza, umugabane w'Ubushinwa ku isi mu kugura ibikoresho bya Micro LED urenga 70%. Dushobora kuvuga ko inganda z'Ubushinwa zirimo kugera ku "ruhererekane rwuzuye" kuva ku bicuruzwa bya LED bisanzwe bikurura kugeza ku imurikagurisha rya Micro LED rikuru rigezweho. Mu gusubiza, Koreya y'Epfo, ku ruhande rumwe, ni ukongera iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu no gushyigikira politiki, ku rundi ruhande, kugira ngo yongere ubufatanye n'Ubuyapani, akarere ka Taiwan mu Bushinwa n'Uburayi n'inganda zifitanye isano na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Urugero, ibicuruzwa bya THE WALL bya Samsung byakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya AU AM TFT ryo mu gace ka Taiwan mu Bushinwa n'ikoranabuhanga ry'udushya, Fucai LED chips n'ibindi bicuruzwa.

Ugereranyije n’ubuyobozi bwa Koreya y’Epfo ya OLED ku ruhererekane rwose, ibyiza by’ibigo n’inganda by’Abashinwa muri Micro LED ni byinshi. Cyane cyane ukurikije umubare w’abantu bashora imari n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha, inganda za Micro LED zo mu Bushinwa zifite imiterere yo gukura. Abantu bakomeye mu nganda bemeza ko ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibigo byo muri Koreya mu irushanwa ryo kwerekana amashusho ari "umubare uhagije w’abantu banini." Muri urwo rwego, igihugu cyacu gishingiye ku nyungu z’"ubwinshi" maze kigakora ibikorwa by’amatsinda, akenshi bishobora gutsinda igitangaza cyo "gutera imbere kw’amatafari manini".

Cyane cyane mu bikoresho n'ibikoresho bya Micro LED, nk'ibikoresho bya MOCVD, iyi sosiyete yashyizeho ubwoko bwose bw'ibicuruzwa bifite uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge; ni yo ikora ibikoresho bya LED bishingiye kuri gallium nitride ku isi, ifite isoko rinini mu bijyanye no Itara rito riyobora Ibikoresho byo mu rugo bya nitride. Mu bijyanye no guhuza Micro LED, Dazu Laser yateje imbere micro-LED mass transfer, micro-LED mass welding, micro-LED repair n'ibindi bikoresho; Ibikoresho byo kohereza no gukuramo & gufatanya na laser massive transfer & stripping & bonding byakozwe na Maiwei na Tianma byashyizwe mu murongo wa Tianma Micro LED production, kandi ibicuruzwa bya mbere biteganijwe ko bizacanwa muri uyu mwaka.

"Hadakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'ingenzi, iterambere ry'inganda za Micro LED rizaba ryigenga cyane." Uru ni uruganda rwa Micro LED mu Bushinwa ugereranije n'inganda za OLED "zifite inyungu nyinshi ku ruhande rumwe." Mu by'ukuri, ishoramari rya OLED 8.6, uretse Samsung na Beijing Oriental ebyiri zabanje, ryabanje gushimangira ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini zitwara amazi mu Buyapani na Koreya y'Epfo, LG, Vicino, Tianma n'izindi sosiyete zishora imari, zigengwa n'imbogamizi zo "gutanga imashini zitwara amazi mu kirere". Ibintu nk'ibyo ntibibaho ku isoko rya Micro LED muri iki gihe, niyo mpamvu uru ruganda rufite icyizere cyo kongera kwihuta ikoranabuhanga rya Micro LED.

Ariko, ku birebana n'irushanwa ry'ibyerekanwa mu gihe kizaza, impuguke mu nganda nazo zagaragaje ko iyi atari intambara yo "gutsindwa by'inyundo". Ku ruhande rumwe, ikoranabuhanga rikomeje guhanga udushya no kunoza, kandi nta muntu n'umwe ushobora kwemeza ikoranabuhanga rikwiye ejo hazaza. Ku rundi ruhande, ubwinshi bw'ibikenewe mu ikoreshwa bushobora gutuma ibyerekanwa mu gihe kizaza bihora ari "uburyo bwo kubaho mu ikoranabuhanga ryinshi".

Urugero, TCL Huaxing Zhao Jun yavuze ko muri uru rwego, ecran ya OLED y'ejo hazaza mu rwego rwagutse rw'ikoreshwa, amahirwe menshi yo kutagira uburyo bwo kubara 50% cyangwa hejuru nka telefoni zigendanwa, ishobora kuba 10%-20%, itarenze 30%, kuko ikiguzi ari kinini. Rero, mu gihe gito, intambara ya panel hagati ya Sino-Korea izahangana mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya LCD, OLED, na Micro LED. Ku bijyanye na LCD, ibigo by'Abashinwa byashyizeho inyungu nyinshi, OLED irimo kugera ku muvuduko muto wo gukurura, Micro LED iyoboye by'agateganyo.